Bacteriocins and bacteriophage (phage) are biological tools which exhibit targeted microbial killing, a phenomenon which until recently was seen as a major drawback for their use as antimicrobial agents. However, in an age when the deleterious consequences of broad-spectrum antibiotics on human health have become apparent, there is an urgent need to develop narrow-spectrum substitutes. Indeed, disruption of the microbial communities which exist on and in our bodies can generate immediate and long-term negative effects and this is particularly borne out in the gut microbiota community whose disruption has been linked to a number of disorders reaching as far as the brain. Moreover, the antibiotic resistance crisis has resulted in our inability to treat many bacterial infections and has triggered the search for damage-limiting alternatives. As bacteriocins and phage are natural entities they are relatively easy to isolate and characterise and are also ideal candidates for improving food safety and quality, forfeiting the need for largely unpopular chemical preservatives. This review highlights the efficacy of both antimicrobial agents in terms of gut health and food safety and explores the body of scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness in both environments.

中文翻译：

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细菌素和噬菌体；对食物和肠道微生物学采取一种狭narrow的态度。

细菌素和噬菌体（噬菌体）是具有针对性微生物杀灭作用的生物工具，这种现象直到最近才被视为其用作抗菌剂的主要缺点。但是，在广谱抗生素对人类健康的有害影响已经显现的时代，迫切需要开发窄谱替代品。的确，破坏存在于我们体内的微生物群落会产生即时和长期的负面影响，这一点在肠道微生物群中尤其明显，肠道微生物群的破坏与许多直至大脑的疾病有关。此外，抗生素耐药性危机导致我们无法治疗许多细菌感染，并引发了寻找限制损害的替代品的搜索。由于细菌素和噬菌体是天然的实体，它们相对容易分离和表征，并且也是提高食品安全性和质量的理想候选者，从而消除了对不受欢迎的化学防腐剂的需求。这篇综述着重介绍了两种抗菌剂在肠道健康和食品安全方面的功效，并探索了在两种环境中均支持其有效性的科学证据。