Insect–plant interactions may be unintentionally affected when introducing genetically modified (GM) crops into an agro-ecosystem. Our aim was to test the non-target effects of a late blight-resistant GM potato on Myzus persicae in greenhouse and climate room experiments and understand how position and number of R gene insertions can affect non-targets in GM events. We also aimed to compare results to baseline differences among three conventional potato varieties varying in resistance to late blight. Aphid development and survival were affected by some GM events in the first generation, though effects disappeared in the second generation. Effects were not dependent on the presence of a marker gene or the insertion of a second resistance gene. Positional effects of gene insertion influenced aphid performance on certain GM events. However, aphid fitness varied considerably more between conventional potato varieties than between Désirée and the GM events. Comparing different GM events to the non-transformed variety is relevant, since unintended effects of insertion can occur. Our protocols can be recommended for in planta risk assessments with aphids. Ecological perspective is gained by selecting several measured endpoints and by comparing the results with a baseline of conventional cultivars.

中文翻译：

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品种差异超过了转基因马铃薯对非靶标蚜虫的影响。

当将转基因作物引入农业生态系统时，昆虫与植物之间的相互作用可能会受到无意影响。我们的目的是测试抗白叶枯病的转基因马铃薯对桃蚜的非靶向作用在温室和气候室实验中，了解R基因插入的位置和数量如何影响转基因事件中的非靶标。我们还旨在将结果与三种常规马铃薯品种对晚疫病的抗性有所不同的基线差异进行比较。蚜虫的发育和存活受到第一代某些转基因事件的影响，尽管其影响在第二代中消失了。作用不取决于标记基因的存在或第二抗性基因的插入。基因插入的位置效应影响了蚜虫在某些GM事件上的表现。但是，传统马铃薯品种之间的蚜虫适应性差异要比德西雷和转基因事件之间的差异大得多。将不同的GM事件与未转化的品种进行比较是有意义的，因为可能会发生意想不到的插入效果。我们的协议可以推荐用于在植物蚜虫风险评估中。通过选择几个测得的终点并将结果与​​常规品种的基线进行比较，可以获得生态学观点。