One of the best ways to reduce the carbon footprint is to convert second-generation biomass (s-BM) into fuels in oil refineries. However, s-BM is not suitable for conventional processing. To circumvent this problem, we first converted s-BM under mild conditions in the presence of acetone into a stable non-corrosive liquid, which we call bio-petroleum (BP). This process did not result in carbon loss, and the BP exhibited a reduced number of parallel reactions during its further transformation. This article describes the results of co-processing BP with vacuum gasoil up to high amounts (75 wt%) through fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC). A small amount of unwanted coke was observed, while 70–79% green carbon was incorporated into products like LPG and gasoline. Feed mixtures up to 35 wt% BP produced drop-in fractions of green hydrocarbons to LPG, gasoline, and petrochemical feedstocks. With higher amounts of BP, the mixtures produced high added-value products. We employed this approach as a starting point to produce carbon-neutral fuels.

中文翻译：

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从生物质到燃料：结合缩酮化和流化催化裂化的碳高效途径

减少碳足迹的最佳方法之一是将第二代生物质（s-BM）转化为炼油厂的燃料。然而，s-BM 不适合常规加工。为了解决这个问题，我们首先在丙酮存在的温和条件下将 s-BM 转化为稳定的非腐蚀性液体，我们称之为生物石油（BP）。这个过程没有导致碳损失，并且BP在进一步转化过程中表现出平行反应数量的减少。本文介绍了通过流化催化裂化 (FCC) 将BP与减压瓦斯油共加工至高含量 (75 wt%) 的结果。观察到少量不需要的焦炭，而 70-79% 的绿色碳被纳入液化石油气和汽油等产品中。BP含量高达 35 wt% 的进料混合物可将绿色碳氢化合物直接馏分转化为液化石油气、汽油和石化原料。BP含量较高时，混合物可产生高附加值产品。我们采用这种方法作为生产碳中性燃料的起点。