Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 , DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00652-3 T Punshon 1 , Julia A Bauer 2 , Margaret R Karagas 2 , Modupe O Coker 2, 3 , Marc G Weisskopf 4 , Joseph J Mangano 5 , Felicitas B Bidlack 6 , Matthew N Barr 7 , Brian P Jackson 7
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Background
Spatial elemental analysis of deciduous tooth dentin combined with odontochronological estimates can provide an early life (in utero to ~2 years of age) history of inorganic element exposure and status.
Objective
To demonstrate the importance of data normalization to a certified reference material to enable between-study comparisons, using populations with assumed contrasting elemental exposures.
Methods
We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of dentin to derive a history of elemental composition from three distinct cohort studies: a present day rural cohort, (the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS; N = 154)), an historical cohort from an urban area (1958-1970), (the St. Louis Baby Tooth Study (SLBT; N = 78)), and a present-day Nigerian cohort established to study maternal HIV transmission (Dental caries and its association with Oral Microbiomes and HIV in young children-Nigeria (DOMHaIN; N = 31)).
Results
We report Li, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba and Pb concentrations (µg/g) and qualitatively examine As, Cd and Hg across all three cohorts. Rates of detection were highest, both overall and for each cohort individually, for Zn, Sr, Ba and Li. Zinc was detected in 100% of samples and was stably present in teeth at a concentration range of 64 – 86 µg/g. Mercury, As and Cd detection rates were the lowest, and had high variability within individual ablated spots. We found the highest concentrations of Pb in the pre- and postnatal dentin of the SLBT cohort, consistent with the prevalent use of Pb as an additive to gasoline prior to 1975. The characteristic decline in Mn after the second trimester was observed in all cohorts.
Impact
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Spatially resolved elemental analysis of deciduous teeth combined with methods for estimating crown formation times can be used to reconstruct an early-life history of elemental exposure inaccessible via other biomarkers. Quantification of data into absolute values using an external standard reference material has not been conducted since 2012, preventing comparison between studies, a common and highly informative component of epidemiology. We demonstrate, with three contrasting populations, that absolute quantification produces data with the lowest variability, compares well with available data and recommends that future tooth biomarker studies report data in this way.
中文翻译：
使用 LA-ICP-MS 对三个对比人类队列中的乳牙本质进行分析，对胎儿和婴儿元素暴露进行量化回顾性生物监测
背景
乳牙牙本质的空间元素分析与牙齿年代学估计相结合，可以提供生命早期（子宫内至约 2 岁）无机元素暴露史和状态。
客观的
使用具有假设对比元素暴露的人群，证明数据标准化对经过认证的参考材料的重要性，以实现研究之间的比较。
方法
我们使用牙本质激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱 (LA-ICP-MS) 从三个不同的队列研究中得出元素组成的历史：当前的农村队列（新罕布什尔州出生队列研究 (NHBCS； N = 154)） ）），来自城市地区的历史队列（1958-1970）（圣路易斯乳牙研究（SLBT； N = 78）），以及目前为研究孕产妇艾滋病毒传播而建立的尼日利亚队列（龋齿和它与幼儿口腔微生物组和艾滋病毒的关系 - 尼日利亚 (DOMHaIN; N = 31))。
结果
我们报告了 Li、Al、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba 和 Pb 浓度 (μg/g)，并对所有三个队列中的 As、Cd 和 Hg 进行了定性检查。 Zn、Sr、Ba 和 Li 的检出率（无论是总体还是每个队列）均最高。 100% 的样品中均检测到锌，并且以 64 – 86 µg/g 的浓度范围稳定存在于牙齿中。汞、砷和镉的检出率最低，并且在各个烧蚀点内具有很高的变异性。我们发现 SLBT 队列的产前和产后牙本质中的 Pb 浓度最高，这与 1975 年之前普遍使用 Pb 作为汽油添加剂一致。在所有队列中都观察到妊娠中期后锰的特征性下降。
影响
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乳牙的空间分辨元素分析与估计牙冠形成时间的方法相结合，可用于重建通过其他生物标志物无法获得的元素暴露的早期生命史。自 2012 年以来，一直没有使用外部标准参考材料将数据量化为绝对值，从而妨碍了研究之间的比较，这是流行病学的一个常见且信息丰富的组成部分。我们通过三个对比人群证明，绝对定量产生的数据具有最低的变异性，与现有数据进行了很好的比较，并建议未来的牙齿生物标志物研究以这种方式报告数据。
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