With increasing possibilities of multi-year missions in deep space, colonizing other planets, and space tourism, it is important to investigate the effects of space travel on human reproduction. This study aimed to systematically review and summarize the results of available literature on space travel, microgravity, and space radiation, or Earth-based spaceflight analogues impact on female and male reproductive functions in humans. This systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Space Biomedicine Systematic Review methods. The search was performed using three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline Complete. During the database search, 364 studies were identified. After the study selection process, 16 studies were included in the review. Five studies included female participants, and the findings show an increased risk of thromboembolism in combined oral contraceptive users, decreased decidualization, functional insufficiency of corpus luteum, and decreased progesterone and LH levels related to space travel or its simulation. Male participants were included in 13 studies. In males, reproductive health considerations focused on the decrease in testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, the ratio of male offspring, sperm motility, sperm vitality, and the increase in sperm DNA fragmentation related to space travel or its simulation. Results of this systematic review highlight the need to focus more on the astronaut’s reproductive health in future research, as only 16 studies were found during the literature search, and many more research questions related to reproductive health in astronauts still need to be answered.

随着深空多年任务、殖民其他行星和太空旅游的可能性不断增加，研究太空旅行对人类繁殖的影响变得非常重要。本研究旨在系统回顾和总结有关太空旅行、微重力和空间辐射或基于地球的太空飞行类似物对人类女性和男性生殖功能影响的现有文献的结果。本系统评价是根据系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目以及空间生物医学系统评价方法进行的。该检索使用三个数据库进行：PubMed、Web of Science 和 Medline Complete。在数据库检索过程中，共找到了 364 项研究。经过研究选择过程后，16 项研究被纳入审查。五项研究纳入了女性参与者，研究结果表明，复方口服避孕药使用者的血栓栓塞风险增加、蜕膜化减少、黄体功能不全，以及与太空旅行或其模拟相关的黄体酮和 LH 水平降低。13 项研究中纳入了男性参与者。在男性中，生殖健康考虑因素集中在睾酮和性激素结合球蛋白水平的下降、男性后代的比例、精子活力、精子活力以及与太空旅行或其模拟相关的精子DNA碎片的增加。本次系统综述的结果凸显了未来研究中需要更多关注宇航员生殖健康的必要性，因为在文献检索中仅找到了16项研究，还有更多与宇航员生殖健康相关的研究问题需要解答。