Shellfish with rigid shells prevent damage to their delicate internal cores, and their soft bonding muscles drive the opening and closing of the shells. This synergism of rigid and soft materials provides shellfish with unique environmental adaptation. Inspired by the structural characteristics of mussels, a riveting layer was introduced into hydrogel-plastic hybrids for bonding hydrogel networks and plastic substrates. The bonding strength of the hydrogel on the polypropylene (PP) substrate was approximately 1.52 MPa, and the interface toughness reached 1450 J m⁻². Furthermore, the integration of plastics and microscale hydrogels, as well as abscised or prefabricated hydrogels, could also be fabricated through the same process. By using this strategy, a hydrogel-plastic hybrid-based device with temperature responsiveness and scratch resistance was fabricated and could mimic the basic activities of mussels. This work improves the functional materials used in programmable engineering systems and could facilitate the construction of intelligent robots.

具有坚硬外壳的贝类可以防止其脆弱的内核受到损害，而其柔软的结合肌肉则驱动外壳的打开和关闭。这种刚性和软质材料的协同作用为贝类提供了独特的环境适应能力。受贻贝结构特征的启发，将铆接层引入水凝胶-塑料混合物中，用于粘合水凝胶网络和塑料基材。水凝胶在聚丙烯（PP）基材上的粘结强度约为1.52 MPa，界面韧性达到1450 J m ^-2。此外，塑料和微型水凝胶的集成，以及脱落或预制的水凝胶也可以通过相同的工艺制造。通过使用这种策略，制造了一种具有温度响应性和耐刮擦性的水凝胶-塑料混合装置，并且可以模仿贻贝的基本活动。这项工作改进了可编程工程系统中使用的功能材料，可以促进智能机器人的构建。