Over the past decade, the increased adoption of electroporation-based technologies has led to an expansion of clinical research initiatives. Electroporation has been utilized in molecular biology for mammalian and bacterial transfection; for food sanitation; and in therapeutic settings to increase drug uptake, for gene therapy, and to eliminate cancerous tissues. We begin this article by discussing the biophysics required for understanding the concepts behind the cell permeation phenomenon that is electroporation. We then review nano- and microscale single-cell electroporation technologies before scaling up to emerging in vivo applications.

中文翻译：

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电穿孔技术的最新进展：从实验室到临床

在过去的十年中，越来越多地采用基于电穿孔的技术导致了临床研究计划的扩大。电穿孔已在分子生物学中用于哺乳动物和细菌的转染；用于食品卫生；在治疗环境中增加药物摄取、基因治疗和消除癌组织。我们首先讨论理解细胞渗透现象（即电穿孔）背后的概念所需的生物物理学。然后，我们回顾纳米和微米级单细胞电穿孔技术，然后再扩大到新兴的体内应用。