Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are introduced as the sixth most common cancer in the world. Detection of predictive biomarkers improve early diagnosis and prognosis. Recent cancer researches provide a new avenue for organoids, known as “mini-organs” in a dish, such as patient-derived organoids (PDOs), for cancer modeling. HNSCC burden, heterogeneity, mutations, and organoid give opportunities for the evaluation of drug sensitivity/resistance response according to the unique genetic profile signature. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) nucleases, as an efficient genome engineering technology, can be used for genetic manipulation in three-dimensional (3D) organoids for cancer modeling by targeting oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes. Moreover, single-cell analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) improved understanding of molecular angiogenesis, distance metastasis, and drug screening without the need for tissue biopsy. Organoids allow us to investigate the biopathogenesis of cancer, tumor cell behavior, and drug screening in a living biobank according to the specific genetic profile of patients.

头颈部鳞状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 被列为世界第六大常见癌症。预测性生物标志物的检测可改善早期诊断和预后。最近的癌症研究为类器官（在培养皿中被称为“微型器官”）提供了一条用于癌症建模的新途径，例如患者来源的类器官 (PDO)。HNSCC 负担、异质性、突变和类器官为根据独特的遗传特征特征评估药物敏感性/耐药反应提供了机会。成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) 核酸酶作为一种高效的基因组工程技术，可用于三维 (3D) 类器官的遗传操作，通过靶向癌基因/抑癌基因进行癌症建模。而且，循环肿瘤细胞 (CTC) 的单细胞分析提高了对分子血管生成、远处转移和药物筛选的理解，而无需组织活检。类器官使我们能够根据患者的特定遗传特征在活体生物库中研究癌症的生物发病机制、肿瘤细胞行为和药物筛选。