RSC主编推荐：能源领域精彩文章快览（免费阅读原文）

英国皇家化学会（RSC）是一个拥有175年历史的面向全球化学家的非营利会员制机构，旗下拥有43种期刊，其中很多在化学领域有很高影响力。为了进一步帮助广大读者追踪科技前沿热点，X-MOL团队与英国皇家化学会合作，推出英国皇家化学会期刊主编推荐的精彩文章快览，本期文章属“能源领域”，英文点评来自英国皇家化学会期刊的主编。如果大家对我们的解读有更多的补充和点评，欢迎在文末写评论发表您的高见！

Energy & Environmental Science (IF: 25.427)

1. Impact of microstructure on the electron–hole interaction in lead halide perovskites

Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7EE00685C

Despite the remarkable progress in the performance of devices based on the lead halide perovskite semiconductor family, there is still a lack of consensus on their fundamental photophysical properties. Here, using magneto-optical transmission spectroscopy the authors elucidate the impact of the microstructure on the Coulomb interaction between photo-created electron–hole pairs in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI₃) and the triple-cation lead mixed-halide composition. This renewed understanding of the relationship between these fundamental electronic properties and the microstructure is critical for future fundamental studies and improving device design.

尽管基于卤化铅钙钛矿半导体材料的器件在性能方面取得了显著的进步，但人们对它们的基本光物理性质仍然缺乏统一的认识。在这篇论文中，作者通过磁光透射光谱阐明了微结构对甲胺铅碘（MAPbI₃）和三元阳离子铅混合卤化物（Cs_0.05(MA_0.17FA_0.83)_0.95Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃）中的光致电子-空穴对之间库仑相互作用的影响。这一成果是对基本电子性质与微结构之间关系的重新认识，对将来的基础研究和器件设计改进都至关重要。

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2. Energetic productivity dynamics of global super-giant oilfields

Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7EE01031A

Using an engineering-based life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, the authors analyze decades-long historical trends of upstream oil production energy return on investment (EROI) for twenty-five globally significant oil fields (>1 billion barrels recoverable). The net energy ratio (NER) and external energy ratio (EER) are used as two measures of oil field energetic productivity. They find that as depletion causes declines in oil output, the associated energy returns decline significantly, with some fields seeing NER declines exceeding 90%. These results have implications for long-run climate/energy system modeling due to potential large increases in extraction energy as global oilfields age.

通过以工程学为基础的生命周期评估（LCA）手段，美国斯坦福大学的研究人员分析了全球25个超大型油田（可采油量 > 10亿桶）原油生产的能源投资回报率（EROI）在数十年中的历史趋势。净能源比（NER）和外部能源比（EER）被用作衡量油田能源产出的两个指标。研究发现，由于资源枯竭而导致石油产量下降，相关的能源投资回报率大幅下降，一些油田的NER下降超过90%。随着全球油田开采时间的增加，采油作业的能耗也可能会大幅增加，这些结果在对气候/能源体系进行长期建模时具有一定意义。

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3. A technoeconomic analysis of perovskite solar module manufacturing with low-cost materials and techniques

Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7EE00757D

With high material utilization, easy manufacturing processes, and high power conversion efficiencies >20%, many experts anticipate that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) will be one of the cheapest PV technologies in the future. The limitations are discussed in comparing calculated MSPs to actual market prices, determine the effect of module lifetime, examine the effects of alternative materials and constructions, and indicate avenues to further reduce the MSP and LCOE values.

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）具有材料利用率高、制造工艺简单、能量转换效率高（> 20%）等特点，许多专家都预测PSCs将在未来成为成本最低的光伏技术之一。本文探讨了将计算出的最低可持续价格（MSP）与实际市场价格进行比较后得出的限制因素，确定了模块使用寿命的影响，研究了替代材料和组件的作用，并指出进一步降低MSP和平准化能源成本（LCOE）的途径。

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Chemical Science (IF: 9.144)

1. Design of template-stabilized active and earth-abundant oxygen evolution catalysts in acid

Chem. Sci., 2017, Advance Article

DOI: 10.1039/C7SC01239J

Researchers at Harvard University have designed earth-abundant oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that are stable and active in acid. Catalysts were iteratively designed by treating activity and stability as decoupled elements of mixed metal oxide films. The resulting catalysts maintained OER activity at pH 2.5 whilst exhibiting long-term acid stability at higher current densities.

哈佛大学 Daniel G. Nocera 课题组的研究人员设计出了一种析氧反应（OER）催化剂，该催化剂基于地壳含量丰富的元素，在酸性条件下也可以保持稳定和催化活性。这种催化剂的设计思路中，活性和稳定性作为相互独立的考量因素，用于复合金属氧化物薄膜的不断改良。所得的催化剂在pH值为2.5的条件下仍能保持OER催化活性，同时在较高的电流密度下可表现出长时间的酸稳定性。

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2. Sub-1.1 nm ultrathin porous CoP nanosheets with dominant reactive {200} facets: a high mass activity and efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Chem. Sci., 2017, 8, 2769-2775

DOI: 10.1039/C6SC05687C

Scientists in Tianjin have synthesized porous ultrathin nanosheets that displayed excellent electrochemical HER performance. This was achieved via a robust and efficient chemical transformation strategy of Co₃O₄  precursors, to produce CoP nanosheets with sub-1.1 nm thickness and a high proportion of exposed facets. This strategy can be used to synthesize other metal selenide and sulfide ultrathin porous nanosheets.

天津大学理学院的张兵教授及其团队合成的一种具有优异电化学析氢（HER）性能的超薄多孔纳米片。他们以Co₃O₄ 为前体，通过一种稳健、高效的化学转化手段，制得了厚度低于1.1 nm并具有高暴露表面比例的CoP纳米片。这种策略也可用于合成其他的金属硒化物和硫化物的超薄多孔纳米片。

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