WO₃-ZrO₂ mixed metal oxides were synthesized by a well-controlled sol-gel process using Zr(BuO)₄ and WCl₆ as the inorganic precursors in the presence of organic surfactants, followed by low-temperature calcination (550 °C). The results showed that the sub-nanometer WOx clusters acted as the strong Brønsted acid sites. And the N-type surfactants played a crucial role for the generation of acidic WOx clusters at low calcination temperature.

中文翻译：

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WO ₃ -ZrO ₂酸性质与表面活性剂的Friedel-Crafts反应的调节

在有机表面活性剂存在下，使用Zr（BuO）₄和WCl ₆作为无机前体，通过良好控制的溶胶-凝胶法合成WO ₃ -ZrO ₂混合金属氧化物。。结果表明，亚纳米WOx团簇是强的布朗斯台德酸位。N型表面活性剂在低煅烧温度下对酸性WOx团簇的产生起着至关重要的作用。