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Development and Application of Genetic Engineering for Wheat Improvement
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-05 , DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2018.1514718
Ashok K. Shrawat 1 , Charles L. Armstrong 1
Affiliation  

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops of the world, and continuous genetic improvement is vital to meet the demands of the rapidly growing world population. Conventional breeding has led to the development of current high yielding wheat varieties, and recent achievements in genetic engineering are expected to augment conventional breeding to further increase production. Advances in genome sequencing and molecular breeding have increased the rate of gene discovery, leading to a need for highly efficient and robust transformation systems. Targeted genome editing will require efficient delivery of sequence-specific nucleases, such as zinc fingers (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and RNA-guided engineered nucleases such as CRISPR-Cas9. Since the first report of fertile transgenic wheat in 1992, optimization of plant tissue culture techniques, DNA delivery methods, gene expression cassettes, and marker genes have led to reliable transformation protocols for a range of wheat model cultivars. However, like other cereal crops, wheat transformation has also been hampered by genotype effects. The limited range of transformable tissues in wheat is considered another challenge. Several excellent review papers have described the progress made towards developing robust genetic transformation systems for wheat, so we have focused our attention on a detailed analysis of selectable markers and promoters that have been used. The choice of selectable marker and promoter can dramatically influence the outcome of a transformation project. Both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and microprojectile-mediated transformation systems have been employed successfully for genetic transformation of wheat using genes of agronomic importance. Since improvement in agronomic traits of wheat will affect a sizeable population, we have provided an analysis of the progress made towards developing genetically superior wheat containing gene(s) of agronomic importance. Recent efforts on targeted genome editing in wheat are also discussed.

中文翻译:

小麦改良基因工程的开发与应用

小麦是世界上最重要的主食作物之一,持续的遗传改良对于满足快速增长的世界人口的需求至关重要。常规育种导致了当前高产小麦品种的发展,并且基因工程方面的最新成就有望增强常规育种,从而进一步提高产量。基因组测序和分子育种的进步提高了基因发现的速度,从而导致对高效和强大的转化系统的需求。靶向基因组编辑将需要有效递送序列特异性核酸酶,例如锌指(ZFN),转录激活因子样效应核酸酶(TALEN)和RNA引导的工程核酸酶,例如CRISPR-Cas9。自1992年首次发表可育转基因小麦以来,植物组织培养技术,DNA传递方法,基因表达盒和标记基因的优化已经为多种小麦模型品种提供了可靠的转化方案。但是,与其他谷物作物一样,基因型效应也阻碍了小麦的转化。小麦中可转化组织的范围有限被认为是另一个挑战。几篇优秀的评论论文描述了在开发强大的小麦遗传转化系统方面所取得的进展,因此我们将注意力集中在对已使用的选择标记和启动子的详细分析上。选择标记和启动子的选择会极大地影响转化项目的结果。两个都 标记基因和标记基因已经为多种小麦模型品种提供了可靠的转化方案。但是,与其他谷物作物一样,基因型效应也阻碍了小麦的转化。小麦中可转化组织的范围有限被认为是另一个挑战。几篇优秀的评论论文描述了在开发强大的小麦遗传转化系统方面所取得的进展,因此我们将注意力集中在对已使用的选择标记和启动子的详细分析上。选择标记和启动子的选择会极大地影响转化项目的结果。两个都 标记基因和标记基因已经为多种小麦模型品种提供了可靠的转化方案。但是,与其他谷物作物一样,基因型效应也阻碍了小麦的转化。小麦中可转化组织的范围有限被认为是另一个挑战。几篇优秀的评论论文描述了在开发强大的小麦遗传转化系统方面所取得的进展,因此我们将注意力集中在对已使用的选择标记和启动子的详细分析上。选择标记和启动子的选择会极大地影响转化项目的结果。两个都 小麦中可转化组织的范围有限被认为是另一个挑战。几篇优秀的评论论文描述了在开发强大的小麦遗传转化系统方面所取得的进展,因此我们将注意力集中在对已使用的选择标记和启动子的详细分析上。选择标记和启动子的选择会极大地影响转化项目的结果。两个都 小麦中可转化组织的范围有限被认为是另一个挑战。几篇优秀的评论文章描述了在开发强大的小麦遗传转化系统方面所取得的进展,因此我们将注意力集中在对已使用的选择标记和启动子的详细分析上。选择标记和启动子的选择会极大地影响转化项目的结果。两个都根癌农杆菌和微粒介导的转化系统已经成功地用于利用具有农学重要性的基因对小麦进行遗传转化。由于小麦农艺性状的改善将影响大量人口,因此我们对开发具有农艺重要性的遗传上优越的小麦的进展进行了分析。还讨论了在小麦中靶向基因组编辑的最新工作。
更新日期:2019-01-30
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