Antiretroviral drugs have revolutionized the treatment and prevention of HIV infection; however, adherence is critical for sustained efficacy. Current HIV treatment consists of three-drug regimens, and current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) consists of a two-drug regimen; both generally require adherence to once-daily dosing. Long-acting formulations are useful in the treatment and prevention of other conditions (e.g., contraceptives, antipsychotics) and help promote adherence. Newer long-acting formulations of approved and investigational antiretroviral drugs in existing and newer mechanistic classes are under study for HIV treatment and prevention, including some phase III trials. Although long-acting antiretroviral drugs hold promise, some clinical challenges exist, including managing side effects, drug-drug interactions, pregnancy, and long-lasting drug concentrations that could lead to the development of drug resistance. This review aims to summarize currently available information on long-acting antiretroviral drugs for HIV treatment and prevention.

中文翻译：

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治疗和预防艾滋病毒的长效药物。

抗逆转录病毒药物彻底改变了艾滋病毒感染的治疗和预防方法。但是，依从性对于持续的疗效至关重要。当前的HIV治疗包括三种药物治疗方案，而当前的HIV暴露前预防（PrEP）则包括两种药物治疗方案。两者通常都需要坚持每天一次的剂量。长效制剂可用于治疗和预防其他疾病（例如避孕药，抗精神病药）并有助于促进依从性。现有的和较新的机制类别中已批准的和研究性抗逆转录病毒药物的新长效制剂正在研究中，用于HIV的治疗和预防，包括某些III期试验。尽管长效抗逆转录病毒药物有望实现，但仍存在一些临床挑战，包括控制副作用，药物相互作用，妊娠，持久的药物浓度可能导致耐药性的发展。这篇综述旨在总结有关长效抗逆转录病毒药物用于HIV治疗和预防的当前可用信息。