Clinical studies evaluating the cardiovascular safety/impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors demonstrated a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events driven primarily by a reduced cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and previous cardiovascular disease. These somewhat unexpected results are coupled with SGLT-2 inhibitors' known acute effect of improvement in glycemia, reduction in blood pressure, and weight loss. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors, the metabolic effects of this class of medication, and the remarkable results of cardiovascular safety trials. In addition, we discuss adverse effects associated with these medications and the current recommendations for the use of these agents in the management of diabetes.

中文翻译：

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钠葡萄糖共转运蛋白2（SGLT-2）抑制剂和2型糖尿病的治疗。

评估钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2（SGLT-2）抑制剂的心血管安全性/影响的临床研究表明，主要由2型糖尿病和先前患有心血管疾病的人的心血管死亡率降低引起的主要不良心血管事件有所减少。这些有些出乎意料的结果与SGLT-2抑制剂对改善血糖，降低血压和减轻体重的已知急性作用相结合。在这篇综述中，我们总结了SGLT-2抑制剂的作用机理，此类药物的代谢作用以及心血管安全性试验的显著结果。此外，我们讨论了与这些药物相关的不良反应，以及有关在糖尿病治疗中使用这些药物的当前建议。