An international comparison of dietary patterns in 9–11-year-old children,International Journal of Obesity Supplements

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An international comparison of dietary patterns in 9–11-year-old children
International Journal of Obesity Supplements Pub Date : 2015-12-08 , DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.14
V Mikkilä ₁ , H Vepsäläinen ₁ , T Saloheimo ₁ , S A Gonzalez ₂ , J D Meisel ₃ , G Hu ₄ , C M Champagne ₄ , J-P Chaput ₅ , T S Church ₄ , P T Katzmarzyk ₄ , R Kuriyan ₆ , A Kurpad ₆ , E V Lambert ₇ , C Maher ₈ , J Maia ₉ , V Matsudo ₁₀ , T Olds ₈ , V Onywera ₁₁ , O L Sarmiento ₂ , M Standage ₁₂ , M S Tremblay ₅ , C Tudor-Locke ₁₃ , P Zhao ₁₄ , M Fogelholm ₁ ,

Affiliation

Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Universidad de los Andes , Bogota, Colombia.
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India.
Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa.
Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal.
Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul , Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amerherst, MA, USA.
Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China.

OBJECTIVES:

Dietary pattern is defined as a combination of foods and drinks and the frequency of consumption within a population. Dietary patterns are changing on a global level, which may be linked to an increased incidence of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the dietary patterns among 9–11-year-old children living in urban regions in different parts of the world.

METHODS:

Participants were 7199 children (54% girls), aged 9–11 years, from 12 countries situated in all major world regions. Food consumption was assessed using a 23-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). To identify dietary patterns, principal components analyses (PCA) were carried out using weekly portions as input variables.

RESULTS:

Both site-specific and pooled PCA resulted in two strong components. Component 1 (‘unhealthy diet pattern’) included fast foods, ice cream, fried food, French fries, potato chips, cakes and sugar-sweetened sodas with >0.6 loadings. The loadings for component 2 (‘healthy diet pattern’) were slightly weaker with only dark-green vegetables, orange vegetables, vegetables in general, and fruits and berries reaching a >0.6 loading. The site-specific diet pattern scores had very strong correlations with the pattern scores from the pooled data: r=0.82 and 0.94 for components 1 and 2, respectively.

CONCULSIONS:

The results suggest that the same ‘healthier’ and ‘unhealthier’ foods tend to be consumed in similar combinations among 9–11-year-old children in different countries, despite variation in food culture, geographical location, ethnic background and economic development.

中文翻译：

9-11 岁儿童饮食模式的国际比较

目标：

饮食模式被定义为食物和饮料的组合以及人群中的消费频率。饮食模式在全球范围内正在发生变化，这可能与慢性病发病率增加有关。本研究的目的是确定和比较世界不同地区生活在城市地区的 9-11 岁儿童的饮食模式。

方法：

参与者是来自世界所有主要地区的 12 个国家的 7199 名儿童（54% 为女孩），年龄在 9-11 岁之间。使用 23 项食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 评估食物消耗。为了确定饮食模式，使用每周部分作为输入变量进行主成分分析（PCA）。

结果：

特定站点和合并 PCA 都产生了两个强大的组件。成分 1（“不健康的饮食模式”）包括快餐、冰淇淋、油炸食品、炸薯条、薯片、蛋糕和含糖量 >0.6 的加糖苏打水。成分 2（“健康饮食模式”）的负荷稍弱，只有深绿色蔬菜、橙色蔬菜、一般蔬菜以及水果和浆果的负荷达到 >0.6。特定地点的饮食模式得分与汇总数据的模式得分有很强的相关性：成分 1 和 2 的r = 0.82 和 0.94，分别。