Background

Research suggests that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with autonomic nervous system dysregulation, but the findings were mixed.

Method

We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis to quantify the effect of ADHD on vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, were searched for case-control or cohort studies reporting measures of vagally-mediated HRV, after a task demand, among individuals with ADHD relative to healthy subjects.

Results

Thirteen articles comprising a total of 869 patients with ADHD and 909 healthy participants were included. As compared to controls, ADHD patients had reduced vagally-mediated HRV, corresponding to a small effect size (Hedge’s g = 0.20; CI 95% 0.01 to 0.40). Heterogeneity was high (Q (18) = 76.59, p < 0.001; I² = 77%). There was some evidence of small study effects. Task type, respiration rate assessment and associated comorbid disorders were statistically significant moderators.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence for the associations between ADHD and autonomic dysregulation. Future studies addressing HRV reactivity are needed.

中文翻译：

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注意缺陷/多动障碍和与任务相关的心率变异性：系统评价和荟萃分析

背景

研究表明，注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）与植物神经系统功能异常有关，但发现却是混合的。

方法

我们进行了文献综述和荟萃分析，以量化多动症对阴道介导的心率变异性（HRV）的影响。搜索PsycINFO，PubMed，Web of Science和Scopus，以进行病例对照或队列研究，以报告任务要求后相对于健康受试者患有ADHD的患者通过阴道介导的HRV的措施。

结果

共纳入13篇文章，共869名ADHD患者和909名健康参与者。与对照组相比，ADHD患者的阴道介导的HRV降低，相当于较小的效应量（Hedge's g  = 0.20； CI 95％0.01至0.40）。异质性很高（Q（18）= 76.59，p  <0.001；I²  = 77％）。有一些证据表明研究效果不大。任务类型，呼吸频率评估和相关合并症是统计学上显着的主持人。

结论

这些发现为多动症和自主神经调节异常之间的关联提供了证据。需要针对HRV反应性的未来研究。