Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a recently described subset of innate lymphocytes with important immune and homeostatic functions at multiple tissue sites, especially the lung. These cells expand locally after birth and during postnatal lung maturation and are present in the lung and other peripheral organs. They are modified by a variety of processes and mediate inflammatory responses to respiratory pathogens, inhaled allergens and noxious particles. Here, we review the emerging roles of ILC2s in pulmonary homeostasis and discuss recent and surprising advances in our understanding of how hormones, age, neurotransmitters, environmental challenges, and infection influence ILC2s. We also review how these responses may underpin the development, progression and severity of pulmonary inflammation and chronic lung diseases and highlight some of the remaining challenges for ILC2 biology.

第 2 组先天性淋巴样细胞 (ILC2s) 是最近描述的先天性淋巴细胞亚群，在多个组织部位（尤其是肺）具有重要的免疫和稳态功能。这些细胞在出生后和出生后肺成熟期间局部扩张，并存在于肺和其他外周器官中。它们通过多种过程进行修饰，并介导对呼吸道病原体、吸入过敏原和有害颗粒的炎症反应。在这里，我们回顾了 ILC2 在肺稳态中的新作用，并讨论了我们对激素、年龄、神经递质、环境挑战和感染如何影响 ILC2 的理解的最新和令人惊讶的进展。我们还审查了这些反应如何支持发展，