Ancestral history matters Biodiversity is sometimes quantified purely by the number of species within a system that allow it to function to produce ecosystem services. Grab et al. show that simple species counting is too simplistic. They combined remotely sensed land-cover analyses and crop production records with an extensive 10-year pollinator community survey and a complete species-level phylogeny generated using genome-wide phylogenomic methods. They found that the equivalent of millions of years of pollinator evolution were lost in highly altered agricultural environments, which decreased pollination services above and beyond what would be expected from a simple numerical species count. Science, this issue p. 282 Studies of pollinators and crops suggest that phylogenetic loss is not equivalent to species loss in agricultural systems. Land-use change threatens global biodiversity and may reshape the tree of life by favoring some lineages over others. Whether phylogenetic diversity loss compromises ecosystem service delivery remains unknown. We address this knowledge gap using extensive genomic, community, and crop datasets to examine relationships among land use, pollinator phylogenetic structure, and crop production. Pollinator communities in highly agricultural landscapes contain 230 million fewer years of evolutionary history; this loss was strongly associated with reduced crop yield and quality. Our study links landscape–mediated changes in the phylogenetic structure of natural communities to the disruption of ecosystem services. Measuring conservation success by species counts alone may fail to protect ecosystem functions and the full diversity of life from which they are derived.

中文翻译：

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以农业为主的景观减少了蜜蜂的系统发育多样性和授粉服务

祖先历史很重要 生物多样性有时纯粹是通过系统内的物种数量来量化的，这些物种允许其发挥功能以产生生态系统服务。抢等人。表明简单的物种计数过于简单。他们将遥感土地覆盖分析和作物生产记录与广泛的 10 年传粉媒介群落调查和使用全基因组系统发育方法生成的完整物种水平系统发育相结合。他们发现，在高度改变的农业环境中失去了相当于数百万年的授粉媒介进化，这导致授粉服务的减少超出了简单数字物种计数的预期。科学，这个问题 p。282 对传粉媒介和作物的研究表明，系统发育的丧失并不等同于农业系统中的物种丧失。土地利用的变化威胁着全球生物多样性，并可能通过偏爱某些谱系而不是其他谱系来重塑生命之树。系统发育多样性的丧失是否会影响生态系统服务的提供仍然未知。我们使用广泛的基因组、群落和作物数据集来解决这一知识差距，以检查土地利用、传粉媒介系统发育结构和作物生产之间的关系。高度农业景观中的传粉媒介群落的进化历史减少了 2.3 亿年；这种损失与作物产量和质量下降密切相关。我们的研究将自然群落系统发育结构中景观介导的变化与生态系统服务的破坏联系起来。