Introduction

It is difficult to accurately predict the natural course of allergic rhinitis (AR), because it is affected by a wide variety of environmental influences, as well as genetic predisposition. Considering the high prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents, caregivers should be given appropriate information regarding the disease course. This study aimed to understand the prognosis of allergic rhinitis by examining the relationship between allergic sensitization and rhinitis symptoms during this developmental period.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 1069 children aged 9–16 years from the Korean International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Survey database who had completed health questionnaires, and for whom skin prick test results were available. Data were collected during May 2016. The distribution of sensitization and allergic symptoms was compared by age groups (elementary, middle, and high school). Data were analyzed using linear-by-linear analysis.

Results

Sensitization to at least one tested allergen differed by age (59.2%, 58.3%, 68.2%, in elementary, middle, and high school students, respectively; p = 0.025), and seasonal allergen sensitization (35.0%, 37.1%, 53.9%, respectively) increased with age (p < 0.001). Conversely, the proportion of rhinitis symptoms among sensitized children decreased as age increased (58.80%, 52.90%, 49.70%, respectively; p = 0.047). However, the rate of non-allergic rhinitis was age-independent.

Conclusion

With increasing age during childhood and adolescence, symptomatic allergic rhinitis decreases; thus, subclinical allergic rhinitis increases. This suggests that the symptoms of later-sensitized children are less clearly manifested, or that the symptoms reduce as previously sensitized children mature. This should be clarified further in a longitudinal study.

中文翻译：

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学龄儿童过敏致敏性鼻炎症状的年代学变化

介绍

准确预测变应性鼻炎（AR）的自然过程是困难的，因为它受到多种环境影响以及遗传易感性的影响。考虑到儿童和青少年过敏性鼻炎的患病率很高，应向护理人员提供有关病程的适当信息。这项研究旨在通过检查在这个发育期的过敏性增敏与鼻炎症状之间的关系来了解变应性鼻炎的预后。

方法

这项横断面研究包括1069名年龄在9至16岁的韩国儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究调查数据库中的儿童，这些儿童已经完成了健康调查表，并且可以获得皮肤点刺试验的结果。2016年5月收集了数据。按年龄组（小学，初中和高中）比较了敏化和过敏症状的分布。使用线性逐线性分析来分析数据。

结果

至少一种测试过的过敏原的敏感性随年龄的不同而不同（小学，初中和高中分别为59.2％，58.3％，68.2％； p = 0.025）和季节性过敏原的敏感性（35.0％，37.1％，53.9％）分别随年龄增长（p <0.001）。相反，随着年龄的增长，致敏儿童中鼻炎症状的比例降低（分别为58.80％，52.90％，49.70％； p = 0.047）。但是，非过敏性鼻炎的发病率与年龄无关。

结论

随着儿童期和青春期年龄的增长，症状性变应性鼻炎有所减少。因此，亚临床变应性鼻炎增加。这表明后来过敏的孩子的症状不太明显，或者随着以前过敏的孩子的成熟，症状减轻了。这应该在纵向研究中进一步阐明。