When wood cellulose fibers are oxidized with NaClO and catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and NaBr in water at pH 10, significant amounts of sodium carboxylate groups (≤1.7 mmol/g) are introduced into the oxidized celluloses. The original fibrous morphologies and cellulose I crystal structures are unchanged by oxidation. The TEMPO-oxidized cellulose fibers can be converted to partially fibrillated nanonetworks, completely individualized cellulose nanofibers with high aspect ratios, and needle-like cellulose nanocrystals with low aspect ratios by controlling the conditions of mechanical disintegration in water. It is therefore possible to prepare diverse nanocelluloses with different morphologies and properties from the same TEMPO-oxidized cellulose fibers, for various end uses and applications. All TEMPO-oxidized nanocelluloses contain large amounts of carboxylate groups. These provide scaffolds for versatile surface modification of nanocelluloses by simple ion exchange of sodium for other metal ions and alkylammonium ions.

当木材纤维素纤维被NaClO氧化并在pH 10的水中催化量的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基（TEMPO）和NaBr氧化时，大量的羧酸钠基团（≤1.7mmol / g）被氧化被引入到氧化纤维素中。最初的纤维形态和纤维素I晶体结构通过氧化而没有改变。通过控制在水中的机械崩解条件，可以将TEMPO氧化的纤维素纤维转变为部分原纤化的纳米网络，具有高长宽比的完全个性化的纤维素纳米纤维和具有低长宽比的针状纤维素纳米晶体。因此，可以从相同的TEMPO氧化纤维素纤维制备具有不同形态和性能的多种纳米纤维素，以用于各种最终用途和应用。所有TEMPO氧化的纳米纤维素都包含大量的羧酸酯基团。这些通过钠与其他金属离子和烷基铵离子的简单离子交换，为纳米纤维素的多功能表面改性提供了支架。