Aflatoxins (AFs) are a family of fungal toxins that produced in food and feed by two Aspergillus species (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus). Several techniques have been reported for AFs detection including high-pressure liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, surface plasmon resonance and recombinant immune blotting assay. But, these methods are disadvantaged because they consumed a long time for analysis; in addition, they required a piece of complicated and expensive equipment. Therefore, developing of inexpensive sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity for detecting of AFs levels without extensive sample preparation has received great attention. Several electrochemical AFs sensors have been reported; however, there is still a need for developing a new, simple and rapid electrochemical AFs sensor. Here, we have developed a new AFs sensor based on Au nanostructures/graphene nanosheets modified ITO substrate that could enhance the Raman effect and the electrochemical conductivity. The modified electrode was prepared based on layer-by-layer electrochemical deposition method. AFs antibody was immobilized onto the Au nanostructures/graphene nanosheets; then it was used as a probe for rapid, simple and cheap detection of AFs level using Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Our results demonstrated that the developed system showed a simple, easy and sensitive sensor for monitoring low concentrations of AFB1 with a detection limit of about 6.9 pg/mL, also it allowed the determination of AFB1 in spiked food samples.

黄曲霉毒素（AFs）是一类真菌毒素，在食物和饲料中由两种曲霉菌（黄曲霉和寄生曲霉）产生。已经报道了几种用于AFs检测的技术，包括高压液相色谱法，酶联免疫吸附测定，表面等离振子共振和重组免疫印迹测定。但是，这些方法是不利的，因为它们花费了很长时间进行分析。此外，他们需要一件复杂而昂贵的设备。因此，开发具有高选择性和灵敏度的廉价传感器以检测AFs水平而无需大量样品制备就引起了广泛的关注。已经报道了几种电化学AF传感器。然而，仍然需要开发新的，简单且快速的电化学AFs传感器。这里，我们已经开发了一种基于Au纳米结构/石墨烯纳米片修饰的ITO基板的新型AFs传感器，该传感器可以增强拉曼效应和电化学电导率。基于层状电化学沉积法制备了修饰电极。AFs抗体固定在Au纳米结构/石墨烯纳米片上; 然后将其用作使用拉曼光谱和电化学技术快速，简单且廉价地检测AF水平的探针。我们的结果表明，开发的系统显示了一种简单，易用且灵敏的传感器，可监测低浓度的AFB1，检出限约为6.9 pg / mL，还可以测定加标食品样品中的AFB1。