This study examined how trustworthiness impressions depend on vocal expressive and person characteristics and how their dependence may be explained by acoustical profiles. Sentences spoken in a range of emotional and conversational expressions by 20 speakers differing in age and sex were presented to 80 age and sex matched listeners who rated speaker trustworthiness. Positive speaker valence but not arousal consistently predicted greater perceived trustworthiness. Additionally, voices from younger as compared with older and female as compared with male speakers were judged more trustworthy. Acoustic analysis highlighted several parameters as relevant for differentiating trustworthiness ratings and showed that effects largely overlapped with those for speaker valence and age, but not sex. Specifically, a fast speech rate, a low harmonic-to-noise ratio, and a low fundamental frequency mean and standard deviation differentiated trustworthy from untrustworthy, positive from negative, and younger from older voices. Male and female voices differed in other ways. Together, these results show that a speaker's expressive as well as person characteristics shape trustworthiness impressions and that their effect likely results from a combination of low-level perceptual and higher-order conceptual processes.

中文翻译：

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生气，年长，男性-值得信赖吗？表现力和人声特征如何影响听众的信任。

这项研究检查了可信任度印象如何取决于声音表达和人格特征，以及它们的依赖性如何通过听觉特征来解释。由80位年龄和性别相匹配的听众介绍了20位年龄和性别不同的演讲者在各种情感和对话表达中所讲的句子，他们对演讲者的信任度进行了评估。说话者的正价，而不是唤起性，始终预示着更大的感知可信度。此外，被认为较年轻的声音与较年长的声音相比，女性的声音与对男性说话的声音相比更值得信赖。声学分析突出显示了与区分可信度等级相关的几个参数，并显示影响与说话者的效价和年龄（但不包括性别）在很大程度上重叠。具体来说，语音速度快，低的谐波噪声比，低的基频均值和标准偏差使可信赖与不可信赖，正与负，较年轻与较老的声音区别开来。男性和女性的声音在其他方面有所不同。这些结果加在一起表明，说话者的表现力和人格特征塑造了可信任度印象，其影响可能是由于低层次的感知过程和高阶概念过程的结合而产生的。