Abstract Habitat modification by fire and habitat loss via anthropogenic vegetation clearance and fragmentation both impact animal populations. Yet, there has been limited investigation as to whether animals that decline under one of these types of habitat change also decline under the other, and how their cumulative impacts affect the status of species and communities. Using a ~400-year chronosequence in the world's largest extant temperate woodland in south-western Australia, we examine how time since fire affects bird community richness, reporting rates and composition, and whether taxa grouped on the basis of responses to vegetation clearance and fragmentation in an adjoining agricultural landscape are associated with either recently-burnt or long-unburnt woodlands. Consistent with substantial changes in vegetation composition and structure after fire in obligate-seeder eucalypt woodlands, woodland bird communities were strongly affected by fire. Species richness and total reporting rates increased with time since fire, and community composition changed across the entire multi-century span of the chronosequence. Woodland birds most negatively impacted by vegetation clearance and fragmentation were strongly associated with long-unburnt woodlands. In a regional south-western Australian context, where extensive vegetation clearance has substantially reduced the range and populations of many woodland bird species, the ability of remaining unfragmented woodlands to support populations of these species will be strongly contingent on appropriate fire management. Specifically, as stand-replacement fires have affected 25–30% of extant woodland over recent decades, management to limit the extent of fire in remaining long-unburnt woodlands would appear a priority for conservation of woodland bird diversity.

中文翻译：

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自从在完整林地景观中发生火灾以来的多个世纪以来，邻近农业区的鸟类物种正在减少

摘要 火灾造成的栖息地改变和人为植被清除和破碎造成的栖息地丧失都会影响动物种群。然而，关于在其中一种栖息地变化下数量减少的动物是否也会在另一种栖息地变化下数量减少，以及它们的累积影响如何影响物种和群落的状况，研究还很有限。使用澳大利亚西南部世界上现存最大的温带林地约 400 年的时间序列，我们研究了自火灾发生以来的时间如何影响鸟类群落的丰富度、报告率和组成，以及分类群是否根据对植被清除和破碎的反应进行分组在相邻的农业景观中，与最近燃烧或长期未燃烧的林地有关。与专性播种桉树林地火灾后植被组成和结构的显着变化一致，林地鸟类群落受到火灾的强烈影响。自火灾以来，物种丰富度和总报告率随着时间的推移而增加，并且在整个多世纪的时间序列中，群落组成发生了变化。受植被清除和破碎化影响最大的林地鸟类与长期未燃烧的林地密切相关。在澳大利亚西南部的区域环境中，广泛的植被清除大大减少了许多林地鸟类的范围和种群，保留未破碎的林地支持这些物种种群的能力将在很大程度上取决于适当的火灾管理。具体来说，