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Regulation of lead fishing weights results in mute swan population recovery
Biological Conservation ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.12.010
Kevin A. Wood , Martin J. Brown , Ruth L. Cromie , Geoff M. Hilton , Conor Mackenzie , Julia L. Newth , Deborah J. Pain , Christopher M. Perrins , Eileen C. Rees

Abstract Legal regulation of human activities is a key mechanism for alleviating anthropogenic impacts on wildlife populations. Conservationists frequently request the regulation of toxic substances such as lead, which can be harmful to animals even at low levels of exposure. However, without assessments of the effectiveness of legislation, such regulations may be undermined or revoked and opportunities to make amendments to improve the legislation may be missed. Here we carried out a population-level study of the effectiveness of regulating the use of lead. We show that the increase in population size of a charismatic waterbird (the mute swan Cygnus olor) in Great Britain over 39 years was best explained by the regulation of lead fishing weights, rather than by changes in food supplies, habitat quality, or winter temperature. The proportion of individuals dying of lead poisoning dropped following regulation, from 0.34 to 0.06, suggesting that higher survival rates were the demographic driver of increased population size. Legal restriction therefore succeeded in alleviating, although not eliminating, the impact of poisoning on mute swans. Restrictions on the use of toxic substances, and their release into the environment, would provide an effective conservation mechanism for reducing negative effects of human activities on wildlife populations. At a time when many policy makers prefer to rely on voluntary actions or market forces to achieve change, our study highlights that legal regulations on human activities can be an effective means of alleviating anthropogenic impacts on wildlife.

中文翻译:

铅捕捞重量的调节导致疣鼻天鹅种群的恢复

摘要 人类活动的法律规制是减轻人为对野生动物种群影响的关键机制。环保人士经常要求对铅等有毒物质进行监管,即使接触量很低,铅等也可能对动物有害。但是,如果不对立法的有效性进行评估,此类法规可能会受到破坏或撤销,并且可能会错过修改以改进立法的机会。在这里,我们对调节铅使用的有效性进行了一项人群水平的研究。我们表明,39 年来,英国一种魅力非凡的水鸟(哑天鹅 Cygnus olor)种群规模的增加最好通过铅捕捞重量的调节来解释,而不是食物供应、栖息地质量或冬季温度的变化. 因铅中毒而死亡的人数比例在监管后下降,从 0.34 降至 0.06,这表明较高的存活率是人口规模增加的人口驱动因素。因此,法律限制成功地减轻了(虽然不能消除)中毒对疣鼻天鹅的影响。限制有毒物质的使用及其释放到环境中,将为减少人类活动对野生动物种群的负面影响提供有效的保护机制。在许多政策制定者更愿意依靠自愿行动或市场力量来实现变革的时代,我们的研究强调,关于人类活动的法律法规可以成为减轻人为对野生动物影响的有效手段。表明较高的存活率是人口规模增加的人口驱动因素。因此,法律限制成功地减轻了(虽然不能消除)中毒对疣鼻天鹅的影响。限制有毒物质的使用及其释放到环境中,将为减少人类活动对野生动物种群的负面影响提供有效的保护机制。在许多政策制定者更愿意依靠自愿行动或市场力量来实现变革的时代,我们的研究强调,关于人类活动的法律法规可以成为减轻人为对野生动物影响的有效手段。表明较高的存活率是人口规模增加的人口驱动因素。因此,法律限制成功地减轻了(虽然不能消除)中毒对疣鼻天鹅的影响。限制有毒物质的使用及其释放到环境中,将为减少人类活动对野生动物种群的负面影响提供有效的保护机制。在许多决策者更愿意依靠自愿行动或市场力量来实现变革的时代,我们的研究强调,关于人类活动的法律法规可以成为减轻人为对野生动物影响的有效手段。中毒对疣鼻天鹅的影响。限制有毒物质的使用及其释放到环境中,将为减少人类活动对野生动物种群的负面影响提供有效的保护机制。在许多政策制定者更愿意依靠自愿行动或市场力量来实现变革的时代,我们的研究强调,关于人类活动的法律法规可以成为减轻人为对野生动物影响的有效手段。中毒对疣鼻天鹅的影响。限制有毒物质的使用及其释放到环境中,将为减少人类活动对野生动物种群的负面影响提供有效的保护机制。在许多政策制定者更愿意依靠自愿行动或市场力量来实现变革的时代,我们的研究强调,关于人类活动的法律法规可以成为减轻人为对野生动物影响的有效手段。
更新日期:2019-02-01
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