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Do debris-covered glaciers demonstrate distinctive hydrological behaviour compared to clean glaciers?
Journal of Hydrology ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.069
C.L. Fyffe , B.W. Brock , M.P. Kirkbride , D.W.F. Mair , N.S. Arnold , C. Smiraglia , G. Diolaiuti , F. Diotri

Abstract Supraglacial debris is known to strongly influence the distribution of glacier surface melt. Since melt inputs drive the formation and evolution of glacial drainage systems, it should follow that the drainage systems of debris-covered glaciers will differ from those of debris-free glaciers. This would have implications for the proglacial runoff regime, subglacial erosion and glacier dynamics. This paper presents analysis of return curves from 33 successful dye injections into the extensively debris-covered Miage Glacier, Italian Alps. It demonstrates that the spatial distribution of supraglacial debris influences the structure and seasonal evolution of the glacial drainage system. Where the debris cover is continuous, melt is lower and the surface topography is chaotic, with many small supraglacial catchments. These factors result in an inefficient englacial/subglacial drainage network beneath continuous debris, which drains to the conduit system emanating from the upper ablation zone. Melt rates are high in areas of clean and dirty ice above the continuous debris. Runoff from these areas is concentrated by inter-moraine troughs into large supraglacial streams, which encourages the early-season development of an efficient englacial/subglacial conduit system downstream of this area. Drainage efficiency from the debris-covered area increases over the melt season but dye-trace transit velocity remains lower than from moulins on the upper glacier. Future runoff models should account for the influence of supraglacial debris on the hydrological system.

中文翻译:

与干净的冰川相比,被碎片覆盖的冰川是否表现出独特的水文行为?

摘要 冰上碎屑对冰川表面熔体的分布有着强烈的影响。由于熔体输入驱动了冰川排水系统的形成和演化,因此应该推断,碎屑覆盖冰川的排水系统将与无碎屑冰川的排水系统不同。这将对冰川前径流制度、冰下侵蚀和冰川动力学产生影响。本文介绍了对 33 次成功的染料注入到被广泛碎片覆盖的意大利阿尔卑斯山 Miage 冰川的返回曲线的分析。表明冰上碎屑的空间分布影响冰川排水系统的结构和季节演变。碎屑覆盖连续,熔体较低,地表地形混乱,有许多小型冰上集水区。这些因素导致连续碎片下方的冰期/冰下排水网络效率低下,这些碎片排放到从上部消融区发出的管道系统。连续碎屑上方的干净和脏冰区域的融化率很高。来自这些地区的径流通过冰碛间槽集中到大型冰上溪流中,这促进了该地区下游有效的冰期/冰下管道系统的早期发展。碎片覆盖区域的排水效率在融化季节增加,但染料痕迹传输速度仍然低于上部冰川上的冰臼。未来的径流模型应该考虑冰上碎片对水文系统的影响。其排放到从上部消融区发出的导管系统。连续碎屑上方的干净和脏冰区域的融化率很高。来自这些地区的径流通过冰碛间槽集中到大型冰上溪流中,这促进了该地区下游有效的冰期/冰下管道系统的早期发展。碎片覆盖区域的排水效率在融化季节增加,但染料痕迹传输速度仍然低于上部冰川上的冰臼。未来的径流模型应该考虑冰上碎片对水文系统的影响。其排放到从上部消融区发出的导管系统。连续碎屑上方的干净和脏冰区域的融化率很高。来自这些地区的径流通过冰碛间槽集中到大型冰上溪流中,这促进了该地区下游有效的冰期/冰下管道系统的早期发展。碎片覆盖区域的排水效率在融化季节增加,但染料痕迹传输速度仍然低于上部冰川上的冰臼。未来的径流模型应考虑冰上碎屑对水文系统的影响。来自这些地区的径流通过冰碛间槽集中到大型冰上溪流中,这促进了该地区下游有效的冰期/冰下管道系统的早期发展。碎片覆盖区域的排水效率在融化季节增加,但染料痕迹传输速度仍然低于上部冰川上的冰臼。未来的径流模型应考虑冰上碎屑对水文系统的影响。来自这些地区的径流通过冰碛间槽集中到大型冰上溪流中,这促进了该地区下游有效的冰期/冰下管道系统的早期发展。碎片覆盖区域的排水效率在融化季节增加,但染料痕迹传输速度仍然低于上部冰川上的冰臼。未来的径流模型应该考虑冰上碎片对水文系统的影响。
更新日期:2019-03-01
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