Abstract Dissipation of water (evapotranspiration and water vapor conversion in human water use activities) is one of the significant hydrological processes in urban area, which becomes more complicated with rapid urbanization. However, there are few systematic studies on water dissipation problems in urban area, and even the related concepts are unclear. This paper proposed the concept of urban water dissipation (UWD) to describe water vapor conversion in urban areas, and presented analysis on mechanism of UWD based on observing and monitoring experiments. The urban underlying surface was divided into five categories: buildings, paved ground, vegetation, water surface, and soil, in which the buildings have been scarcely discussed in terms of water dissipation. The dissipation of water in buildings plays a more and more important role in the urban water circulation system, as the water supply increases in urban areas. To reveal how much water is dissipated in the buildings, the main water dissipation processes in different kinds of buildings were analyzed, and the quantitative model was proposed. Based on the traditional evapotranspiration models for urban underlying surface and the proposed model for water dissipation in buildings, a new modelling system was built to simulate the total UWD. The new model system reflects the impact of human water use activities on urban water dissipation. It was applied in Xiamen city to simulate the UWD in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The results show that the UWD intensity increased with the urbanization process in Xiamen urban area in past 15 years. The UWD contribution rate increased for most land use types, except green land. For example, the water dissipation on residential land is the fastest growing one of all land use types, and its contribution rate surpassed that of green land to become the largest contributor in 2010. Because of the interference of strong human activities, the contribution rate of water dissipation on the social side continues increasing. The contribution rate of UWD on the social side was more than 40% in 2015, and it is still increasing.

中文翻译：

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考虑人为影响的城市水耗散机理与建模——以厦门为例

摘要 水的耗散（人类用水活动中的蒸散和水汽转化）是城市地区重要的水文过程之一，随着城市化进程的加快，该过程变得更加复杂。然而，对于城市地区的耗水问题的系统研究很少，甚至相关概念也不清楚。提出城市水耗散（UWD）的概念来描述城市地区的水汽转化，并基于观测和监测实验对UWD的机理进行了分析。城市下垫面分为建筑物、铺装地面、植被、水面和土壤五类，其中建筑物在排水方面鲜有讨论。随着城市地区供水量的增加，建筑物中的水消散在城市水循环系统中扮演着越来越重要的角色。为揭示建筑耗水量，分析了不同类型建筑的主要耗水过程，并提出了量化模型。基于传统的城市下垫面蒸散模型和建议的建筑物耗水模型，建立了一个新的建模系统来模拟总UWD。新模型体系反映了人类用水活动对城市耗水量的影响。分别在厦门市对2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年的UWD进行了模拟。结果表明，近15年来厦门市区随着城市化进程的推进，UWD强度增加。大多数土地利用类型的 UWD 贡献率增加，绿地除外。例如，住宅用地的水分耗散是所有土地利用类型中增长最快的一种，其贡献率超过绿地成为2010年最大的贡献者。社会方面的耗水量继续增加。UWD在社会方面的贡献率在2015年超过40%，并且还在不断增加。耗水对社会的贡献率不断提高。UWD在社会方面的贡献率在2015年超过40%，并且还在不断增加。耗水对社会的贡献率不断提高。UWD在社会方面的贡献率在2015年超过40%，并且还在不断增加。