Adolescence is a time of significant neurobiological development, including changes in white matter microstructure. Familial alcoholism and adolescent binge-drinking have both been associated with altered white matter microstructure; however, the temporal nature of these effects, and their interaction, is unclear. Using diffusion-weighted imaging and voxel-wise multilevel modeling, the effects of familial alcoholism and future binge-drinking on white matter microstructural development were assessed in 45 adolescents, who went on to binge-drink (but were alcohol-naive at baseline), and 68 adolescents, who remained largely alcohol-naive, all with varying degrees of familial alcoholism. Both future binge-drinking and familial alcoholism were associated with altered frontostriatal white matter microstructure early in adolescence, prior to alcohol use. While several binge-drinking-related effects persisted throughout adolescence (in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, superior corona radiata, and cerebellar peduncles), the association between familial alcoholism and altered white matter microstructure dissipated across adolescence in all regions. There were no white matter regions identified where future binge-drinking or familial alcoholism were significantly associated with emergent or exacerbated alterations in white matter microstructure. Altogether, these findings suggest that alterations in frontostiatal white matter microstructure, some of which are associated with familial alcoholism, may be used to predict which adolescents are more likely to go on and engage in alcohol use. Meanwhile, a reduction in family history-related associations with altered white matter microstructure by late-adolescence is encouraging for future prevention work targeted at at-risk youth.

中文翻译：

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额纹状体白质微观结构的改变与家族酗酒和未来青春期的酗酒有关。

青春期是神经生物学显着发育的时期，包括白质微观结构的变化。家族性酗酒和青少年酗酒都与脑白质微观结构的改变有关。然而，这些影响的时间性质及其相互作用尚不清楚。使用弥散加权成像和体素多级建模，评估了 45 名继续酗酒的青少年（但基线时未曾饮酒）的家族酗酒和未来酗酒对白质微结构发育的影响，以及 68 名青少年，他们基本上没有酗酒，都患有不同程度的家族酗酒。未来的酗酒和家族性酗酒都与青春期早期饮酒前额纹状体白质微结构的改变有关。虽然一些与酗酒相关的影响在整个青春期持续存在（在内囊后肢、上辐射冠和小脑脚），但家族性酗酒和白质微观结构改变之间的关联在整个青春期的所有区域都消失了。没有发现未来的酗酒或家族酗酒与白质微结构的紧急或加剧改变显着相关的白质区域。总而言之，这些发现表明，额叶白质微观结构的改变（其中一些与家族性酗酒有关）可用于预测哪些青少年更有可能继续饮酒。与此同时，青春期后期与家族史相关的白质微结构改变的减少，对于未来针对高危青少年的预防工作来说是令人鼓舞的。