Abstract This study investigated the contributions of snow/glacier meltwater to river runoff in the northern and central Tianshan Mountains (Central Asia). Based on end- member mixing analysis (EMMA), the hydrograph separation was carried out in six benchmark catchments with different glacier area ratios (GARs) and snow area ratios (SARs) during a typical snow melt period (TSMP) and a typical glacier melt period (TGMP). The results indicate that the contribution of snow/glacier meltwater to river runoff is positively correlated with GARs or maximum SARs. The contribution ratios of snowmelt water vary from 22% to 49% in TSMP. The contribution ratios of glacier meltwater vary from 12% to 59% in TGMP. The contribution ratios of snow meltwater in the northern Tianshan Mountains (36%) are higher than central Tianshan Mountains (31%), while the contribution ratios of glacier meltwater in the northern Tianshan Mountains (36%) are lower than central Tianshan Mountains (42%). The contribution of rainfall to river runoff is higher in TGMP (9%–23%) than in TSMP (5%–9%). Baseflow is the most important recharge source to river runoff, with the contribution ratios vary from 44% to 73% in TSMP, and vary from 30% to 75% in TGMP. The spatial and temporal variations in tracer concentrations in streamflow components were found to be responsible to the uncertainties in hydrograph separation.

中文翻译：

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量化雪/冰川融水对中亚天山河流径流的贡献

摘要 本研究调查了雪/冰川融水对天山北部和中部（中亚）河流径流的贡献。基于端元混合分析（EMMA），在典型的融雪期（TSMP）和典型的冰川融化期间，在具有不同冰川面积比（GAR）和雪面积比（SAR）的六个基准流域中进行了水文过程线分离。期间 (TGMP)。结果表明，雪/冰川融水对河流径流的贡献与GARs或最大SARs呈正相关。TSMP 中融雪水的贡献率从 22% 到 49% 不等。冰川融水在TGMP中的贡献率从12%到59%不等。天山北部融雪水贡献率（36%）高于天山中部（31%），而天山北部冰川融水的贡献率（36%）低于天山中部（42%）。降雨对河流径流的贡献在 TGMP (9%–23%) 中高于在 TSMP (5%–9%) 中。基流是河流径流最重要的补给源，其贡献率在 TSMP 中从 44% 到 73% 不等，在 TGMP 中从 30% 到 75% 不等。发现水流分量中示踪剂浓度的空间和时间变化是造成水文过程线分离不确定性的原因。TSMP 的贡献率从 44% 到 73% 不等，TGMP 的贡献率从 30% 到 75% 不等。发现水流分量中示踪剂浓度的空间和时间变化是造成水文过程线分离不确定性的原因。TSMP 的贡献率从 44% 到 73% 不等，TGMP 的贡献率从 30% 到 75% 不等。发现水流分量中示踪剂浓度的空间和时间变化是造成水文过程线分离不确定性的原因。