The majority of diseases are associated with alterations in multiple molecular pathways and complex interactions at the cellular and organ levels. Single-target monotherapies therefore have intrinsic limitations with respect to their maximum therapeutic benefits. The potential of combination drug therapies has received interest for the treatment of many diseases and is well established in some areas, such as oncology. Combination drug treatments may allow us to identify synergistic drug effects, reduce adverse drug reactions, and address variability in disease characteristics between patients. Identification of combination therapies remains challenging. We discuss current state-of-the-art systems pharmacology approaches to enable rational identification of combination therapies. These approaches, which include characterization of mechanisms of disease and drug action at a systems level, can enable understanding of drug interactions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and organismal levels. Such multiscale understanding can enable precision medicine by promoting the rational development of combination therapy at the level of individual patients for many diseases.

中文翻译：

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系统药理学：定义药物组合的相互作用。

大多数疾病与多种分子途径的改变以及细胞和器官水平的复杂相互作用有关。因此，单靶标单药治疗在最大治疗益处方面存在固有的局限性。组合药物疗法的潜力已引起人们对许多疾病的治疗的兴趣，并且在肿瘤学等某些领域已得到充分确立。联合药物治疗可能使我们能够确定药物的协同作用，减少药物不良反应，并解决患者之间疾病特征的差异。联合疗法的鉴定仍然具有挑战性。我们讨论了当前最先进的系统药理学方法，可以合理地确定联合疗法。这些方法 其中包括在系统水平上表征疾病和药物作用的机制，可以使您在分子，细胞，生理和机体水平上了解药物相互作用。这种多尺度的理解可以通过促进针对多种疾病的个体患者水平的联合治疗的合理发展来实现精准医学。