Adequate skeletal muscle plasticity is an essential element for our well-being, and compromised muscle function can drastically affect quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Surprisingly, however, skeletal muscle remains one of the most under-medicated organs. Interventions in muscle diseases are scarce, not only in neuromuscular dystrophies, but also in highly prevalent secondary wasting pathologies such as sarcopenia and cachexia. Even in other diseases that exhibit a well-established risk correlation of muscle dysfunction due to a sedentary lifestyle, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular pathologies, current treatments are mostly targeted on non-muscle tissues. In recent years, a renewed focus on skeletal muscle has led to the discovery of various novel drug targets and the design of new pharmacological approaches. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the key mechanisms involved in muscle wasting conditions and novel pharmacological avenues that could ameliorate muscle diseases.

中文翻译：

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肌肉萎缩疾病：新的靶点和治疗。

足够的骨骼肌可塑性是我们健康的基本要素，肌肉功能受损会严重影响生活质量、发病率和死亡率。然而，令人惊讶的是，骨骼肌仍然是药物治疗最不足的器官之一。肌肉疾病的干预很少，不仅在神经肌肉营养不良，而且在高度普遍的继发性消耗病理，如少肌症和恶病质。即使在其他由于久坐的生活方式而表现出与肌肉功能障碍的风险相关性已经确立的疾病中，例如 2 型糖尿病或心血管疾病，目前的治疗主要针对非肌肉组织。近年来，对骨骼肌的重新关注导致了各种新药物靶点的发现和新药理学方法的设计。