Abstract While extensive green roofs are popular measures for reducing and delaying stormwater runoff, design tools are needed to better predict roof performance based on material properties, geometry and climate. This paper investigates the EPA’s Storm Water Management Model’s (SWMM) green roof module for this purpose based on observed runoff from several roofs with different build-ups, geometry, and climates. First, the general model performance was investigated and secondly transferability of model parameters for similar roofs but different geometries and climates was tested. Individual models reproduced runoff hydrographs well (NSE 0.56–0.96), while the long-term modelling showed relatively large volume errors most likely due to insufficient representation of evapotranspiration in the model. Model parameters obtained at one site were only partly transferable to similar roof build-up at other sites. Transferability was better from models calibrated with wetter climates and higher intensity events to drier climates, than the opposite way. Multi-site calibration resulted in model parameters performing well for most sites, giving model parameters that could be used for the design of similar roof build-ups in comparable climates. However, large variability in obtained model parameters, large volume errors and the fact that the calibrated model parameters did not directly correspond to measured material properties, place concerns on the generality of the SWMM green roof module as a design tool.

中文翻译：

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SWMMH 模型参数在具有相似结构的绿色屋顶之间的可传递性

摘要 虽然广泛的绿色屋顶是减少和延迟雨水径流的常用措施，但需要设计工具来根据材料特性、几何形状和气候更好地预测屋顶性能。本文基于观察到的来自具有不同建筑、几何形状和气候的多个屋顶的径流，为此目的调查了 EPA 的雨水管理模型 (SWMM) 绿色屋顶模块。首先，研究了一般模型性能，其次测试了类似屋顶但不同几何形状和气候的模型参数的可传递性。个别模型很好地再现了径流过程线 (NSE 0.56–0.96)，而长期建模显示出相对较大的体积误差，最有可能是由于模型中蒸散量的表示不足。在一个地点获得的模型参数只能部分地转移到其他地点的类似屋顶建造中。与相反的方式相比，从用更潮湿的气候和更高强度的事件校准到更干燥的气候的模型的可转移性更好。多站点校准导致模型参数在大多数站点上表现良好，提供了可用于类似气候下类似屋顶结构设计的模型参数。然而，获得的模型参数的大可变性、大的体积误差以及校准模型参数与测量的材料特性不直接对应的事实，对 SWMMH 屋顶绿化模块作为设计工具的通用性提出了担忧。与相反的方式相比，从用更潮湿的气候和更高强度的事件校准到更干燥的气候的模型的可转移性更好。多站点校准导致模型参数在大多数站点上表现良好，提供了可用于类似气候下类似屋顶结构设计的模型参数。然而，获得的模型参数的大可变性、大体积误差以及校准模型参数与测量的材料特性不直接对应的事实，对 SWMM 绿色屋顶模块作为设计工具的通用性提出了担忧。与相反的方式相比，从用更潮湿的气候和更高强度的事件校准到更干燥的气候的模型的可转移性更好。多站点校准导致模型参数在大多数站点上表现良好，提供了可用于类似气候下类似屋顶结构设计的模型参数。然而，获得的模型参数的大可变性、大的体积误差以及校准模型参数与测量的材料特性不直接对应的事实，对 SWMMH 屋顶绿化模块作为设计工具的通用性提出了担忧。