Abstract The theory of facultative calibration, which explains personality differences as responses to variation in other phenotypic traits of individuals, received mixed results throughout the last years. Whereas there is strong evidence that individual differences in human behavior are correlated with the self-perception of other traits, it still needs to be questioned whether they are also adjusted to objective differences in body condition (i.e. formidability). In two independent studies (N1 = 119 men and 124 women, N2 = 165 men) we tested hypotheses of facultative personality calibration in an integrative way, assessing various outcomes of previous studies in the same samples (including Anger Proneness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Narcissism, Shyness, Vengefulness, and Sociosexual Orientation). Formidability was derived from assessments of physical strength and various anthropometric measures from full-body 3D scans and paired with measures of self-perceived and other-rated physical attractiveness (based on rotating morphometric 3D body models and facial photographs). We could replicate positive correlations with self-perceived attractiveness across outcomes, though these were not corroborated by more objective assessments of attractiveness: an effect of other-rated attractiveness was clearly not supported in our results for either sex, regardless of the personality outcome. Anthropometric measures and physical strength were also largely unrelated to personality, with the exception of Extraversion, Utility of Personal Aggression, and Sociosexual Orientation. While the two samples differed in their results for domain-level Extraversion, at least the Extraversion facets Activity and Assertiveness were related to strength and masculinity in men. For Sociosexual Orientation the results of our two samples varied more substantially, a positive association was only present in Study 2. Future studies need to clarify whether formidability, potentially an indicator of genetic quality for males, enhances their orientation and success in short-term mating. Furthermore we propose longitudinal twin-difference studies as means to evaluate the theory of personality recalibration in a more controlled manner.

中文翻译：

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兼性人格校准的综合研究

摘要 兼性校准理论将人格差异解释为对个体其他表型特征变化的反应，在过去几年中收到了不同的结果。尽管有强有力的证据表明人类行为的个体差异与其他特征的自我认知相关，但它们是否也被调整为身体状况的客观差异（即强大）仍然需要质疑。在两项独立研究（N1 = 119 名男性和 124 名女性，N2 = 165 名男性）中，我们以综合方式测试了兼性人格校准的假设，评估了先前研究在相同样本中的各种结果（包括易怒、外向、神经质、自恋、害羞、复仇和社会性取向）。强大的力量来自全身 3D 扫描对体力和各种人体测量的评估，并结合自我感知和其他评价的身体吸引力的测量（基于旋转形态测量 3D 身体模型和面部照片）。我们可以在结果中复制与自我感知吸引力的正相关，尽管这些并没有得到更客观的吸引力评估的证实：我们的结果显然不支持其他性别吸引力的影响，无论个性结果如何。除了外向性、个人攻击的效用和社会性取向之外，人体测量指标和体力在很大程度上也与个性无关。虽然这两个样本在域级外向的结果上有所不同，至少外向性方面的活动性和自信性与男性的力量和阳刚之气有关。对于社会性取向，我们的两个样本的结果差异更大，仅在研究 2 中存在正相关。未来的研究需要澄清强大的能力，可能是雄性遗传质量的指标，是否会增强他们的取向和短期交配的成功率. 此外，我们建议纵向双差异研究作为以更可控的方式评估人格重新校准理论的手段。未来的研究需要澄清强大的能力，可能是雄性遗传质量的一个指标，是否会增强它们在短期交配中的定位和成功。此外，我们建议纵向双差异研究作为以更可控的方式评估人格重新校准理论的手段。未来的研究需要澄清强大的能力，可能是雄性遗传质量的一个指标，是否会增强它们在短期交配中的定位和成功。此外，我们建议纵向双差异研究作为以更可控的方式评估人格重新校准理论的手段。