Electrically–transduced sensors, with their simplicity and compatibility with standard electronic technologies, produce signals that can be efficiently acquired, processed, stored, and analyzed. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, phosphorene (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and others, have proven to be attractive for the fabrication of high–performance electrically-transduced chemical sensors due to their remarkable electronic and physical properties originating from their 2D structure. This review highlights the advances in electrically-transduced chemical sensing that rely on 2D materials. The structural components of such sensors are described, and the underlying operating principles for different types of architectures are discussed. The structural features, electronic properties, and surface chemistry of 2D nanostructures that dictate their sensing performance are reviewed. Key advances in the application of 2D materials, from both a historical and analytical perspective, are summarized for four different groups of analytes: gases, volatile compounds, ions, and biomolecules. The sensing performance is discussed in the context of the molecular design, structure–property relationships, and device fabrication technology. The outlook of challenges and opportunities for 2D nanomaterials for the future development of electrically-transduced sensors is also presented.

中文翻译：

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基于二维纳米材料的电转换化学传感器

电转换传感器以其简单性和与标准电子技术的兼容性而产生的信号可以被有效地采集，处理，存储和分析。二维（2D）纳米材料，包括石墨烯，磷烯（BP），过渡金属二卤化碳（TMDCs）和其他材料，由于其卓越的电子和物理特性，已被证明对高性能电转换化学传感器的制造具有吸引力。源于其2D结构。这篇评论重点介绍了依靠2D材料的电转换化学传感技术的进步。描述了这种传感器的结构组件，并讨论了不同类型架构的基本操作原理。结构特征，电子特性，并综述了指示其传感性能的二维纳米结构的表面化学。从历史和分析的角度，总结了二维材料应用的主要进展，涵盖了四类不同的分析物：气体，挥发性化合物，离子和生物分子。在分子设计，结构-性质关系和器件制造技术的背景下讨论了传感性能。还介绍了二维纳米材料在电导传感器的未来发展中所面临的挑战和机遇。和生物分子。在分子设计，结构-性质关系和器件制造技术的背景下讨论了传感性能。还介绍了二维纳米材料在电导传感器的未来发展中所面临的挑战和机遇。和生物分子。在分子设计，结构-性质关系和器件制造技术的背景下讨论了传感性能。还介绍了二维纳米材料在电导传感器的未来发展中所面临的挑战和机遇。