Abstract Development of two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs) with an interlinked hierarchical porous structure has attracted great attention due to their synergetic features combining both 2D materials and porous architectures. In recent years, rapid development of synthetic methods for the fabrication of PCNs with hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area, controlled heteroatom doping, and excellent electrical conductivity has shown signifcant potential in energy-related applications. This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent developments in synthetic methods, including the hard template strategy, soft template strategy, and template-free strategy for successful preparation of PCNs. Three representative electrochemical applications of such PCNs materials for lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalytic oxygen reductions are presented. At the end of this review, the current existing challenges for the controlled synthesis of PCNs with desired properties and future perspectives for developments of new synthesis methods and new electrochemical energy applications are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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多孔碳纳米片：合成策略和电化学能源相关应用

摘要 具有相互连接的分级多孔结构的二维 (2D) 多孔碳纳米片 (PCN) 的开发因其结合了二维材料和多孔结构的协同特性而备受关注。近年来，用于制造具有分级多孔结构、高比表面积、可控杂原子掺杂和优异导电性的 PCNs 的合成方法的快速发展在能源相关应用中显示出巨大的潜力。这篇综述文章全面总结了合成方法的最新进展，包括用于成功制备 PCN 的硬模板策略、软模板策略和无模板策略。这种 PCNs 材料在锂离子电池、超级电容器、和电催化氧还原。在本综述的最后，还讨论了当前在受控合成具有所需特性的 PCN 方面存在的挑战，以及新合成方法和新电化学能源应用的发展前景。