Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a complication that has been observed in a subset of adult and elderly individuals after general anesthesia and surgery. Although the pathogenesis of POCD is largely unknown, a growing body of preclinical research suggests that POCD may be caused by general anesthesia. A significant amount of research has examined the effects of general anesthesia on neurocognitive function in rodents, yet no studies have assessed the adverse effects of general anesthesia on brain function in adult nonhuman primates. Thus, this study sought to determine the effects of an extended exposure to sevoflurane anesthesia on cognitive function and neural inflammation in adult rhesus macaques. Five adult rhesus macaques (16-17 years of age) were exposed to sevoflurane anesthesia for 8 h and, and micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging and a battery of operant tasks were used to assess the effects of anesthesia exposure on 18F-labeled fluoroethoxybenzyl-N-(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl) acetamide ([18F]-FEPPA) uptake, a biomarker of microglia activation, and aspects of complex cognitive function. Exposure to sevoflurane anesthesia for 8 h did not increase [18F]-FEPPA uptake in the adult monkey brain. Sevoflurane anesthesia significantly decreased accuracy (mean difference = 22.79) on a learning acquisition task 6 days after exposure [t(3) = 6.92, p =  0.006], but this effect did not persist when measured 1 week and 2 weeks after additional exposures. Further, sevoflurane anesthesia had no impact on performance in 4 additional cognitive tasks. These data suggest that exposure to anesthesia alone may not be sufficient to cause persistent POCD in adult populations.

中文翻译：

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七氟醚暴露对成年猴子的认知功能影响很小，并且不会改变小胶质细胞的激活。

术后认知功能障碍（POCD）是一种在全身麻醉和手术后的成年和老年人个体中观察到的并发症。尽管POCD的发病机理尚不清楚，但越来越多的临床前研究表明POCD可能是全身麻醉引起的。大量研究检查了全身麻醉对啮齿动物神经认知功能的影响，但尚无研究评估全身麻醉对成年非人类灵长类动物脑功能的不利影响。因此，本研究试图确定长期接触七氟醚麻醉对成年恒河猴的认知功能和神经炎症的影响。将五只成年恒河猴（16-17岁）暴露于七氟醚麻醉下8 h，和微正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/计算机断层扫描（CT）成像以及一系列操作任务来评估麻醉暴露对18F标记的氟乙氧基苄基-N-（4-苯氧基吡啶-3-基）乙酰胺的影响（ [18F] -FEPPA）的摄取，小胶质细胞活化的生物标志物以及复杂的认知功能方面。暴露于七氟醚麻醉下8 h并没有增加成年猴脑中的[18F] -FEPPA摄取。七氟醚麻醉暴露后6天，学习习得任务的准确性显着降低（平均差异= 22.79）[t（3）= 6.92，p = 0.006]，但在另外暴露1周和2周后测量，这种效果并没有持续。此外，七氟醚麻醉对另外4个认知任务的表现没有影响。