Abstract Advances in the device fabrication in all emerging fields with promising features and improved control on material properties provide a strong motivation for researchers to reveal, recognize the potential of existing materials and to develop new ones with excellent properties by scheme a low cost syntheses method. Since the discovery of abundant, inorganic mayenite electride, [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 (thereafter, C12A7:e−) (2003), it has attracted much attention due to its unique and unconventional properties such as high electron concentration (∼2.3–7 × 1021 cm−3) and low work function (WF∼2.4 eV), which are comparable value with alkali metals, but is chemically inert in an ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, a severe reducing environment enables us to substitute electrons almost completely for anions in the cages, forming a stable inorganic electride, C12A7:e−. Finally, the formation of these active anions in this material has potential application as a catalyst support in the NH3 synthesis/decomposition, CO2 dissociation and specially recently introduced by our group as electrocatalyst in fuel cell. To further boost these applications the important thing was to synthesize high specific surface area, nanosized C12A7:e− powder with enhanced conductivity, that can be done by cation doping. Over the last decade, experimental studies supported by theoretical calculations have demonstrated that cation elements doping can further boost its electrical properties. Therefore, our group studied doping with more suitable cations, Si, Sn, Ga, V etc in C12A7:e− and we will explain each in detail. In this review we are going to describe progress in the synthesis of C12A7:e− especially in nanosized powder material, and about most important recent challenges towards the suitable cations doping in C12A7:e− electride and finally its industrial important applications as a catalyst.

中文翻译：

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对原始和掺杂无机室温稳定钙铝石电子化合物 [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e-)4 的合成及其作为催化剂的应用的综合评价

摘要 所有新兴领域的器件制造进展具有良好的特性和对材料性能的改进控制，为研究人员揭示、认识现有材料的潜力并通过计划低成本合成方法开发具有优异性能的新材料提供了强大的动力。自从发现了丰富的无机钙铝石电子化合物 [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e-)4（此后称为 C12A7:e-）（2003 年）以来，由于其独特且非常规的性质，如高电子浓度（ ∼2.3–7 × 1021 cm−3) 和低功函数 (WF∼2.4 eV)，与碱金属的价值相当，但在环境气氛中具有化学惰性。此外，严重的还原环境使我们能够几乎完全用电子代替笼中的阴离子，形成稳定的无机电子化合物 C12A7:e-。最后，在这种材料中形成的这些活性阴离子具有作为催化剂载体在 NH3 合成/分解、CO2 离解中的潜在应用，我们小组最近特别将其作为燃料电池中的电催化剂引入。为了进一步促进这些应用，重要的是合成高比表面积、具有增强导电性的纳米级 C12A7:e-粉末，这可以通过阳离子掺杂来实现。在过去十年中，理论计算支持的实验研究表明，阳离子元素掺杂可以进一步提高其电性能。因此，我们小组研究了在 C12A7:e- 中掺杂更合适的阳离子 Si、Sn、Ga、V 等，我们将详细解释每个。