In biointegrated electronics, the facile control of mechanical properties such as softness and stretchability in electronic devices is necessary to minimize the perturbation of motions inherent in biological systems^1,2,3,4,5. For in vitro studies, multielectrode-embedded dishes^6,7,8 and other rigid devices^9,10,11,12 have been widely used. Soft or flexible electronics on plastic or elastomeric substrates^13,14,15 offer promising new advantages such as decreasing physical stress^16,17,18 and/or applying mechanical stimuli^19,20. Recently, owing to the introduction of macroporous plastic substrates with nanofibre scaffolds^21,22, three-dimensional electrophysiological mapping of cardiomyocytes has been demonstrated. However, quantitatively monitoring cells that exhibit significant dynamical motions via electric probes over a long period without affecting their natural motion remains a challenge. Here, we present ultrasoft electronics with nanomeshes that monitor the field potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes on a hydrogel, while enabling them to move dynamically without interference. Owing to the extraordinary softness of the nanomeshes, nanomesh-attached cardiomyocytes exhibit contraction and relaxation motions comparable to that of cardiomyocytes without attached nanomeshes. Our multilayered nanomesh devices maintain reliable operations in a liquid environment, enabling the recording of field potentials of the cardiomyocytes over a period of 96 h without significant degradation of the nanomesh devices or damage of the cardiomyocytes.

在生物集成电子学中，对电子设备的机械特性（如柔软性和可拉伸性）的便捷控制对于最大限度地减小生物系统^1,2,3,4,5固有的运动扰动是必不可少的。对于体外研究，多电极嵌入式培养皿^6,7,8和其他刚性装置^9,10,11,12已被广泛使用。塑料或弹性体基材^13,14,15上的软性或柔性电子产品提供了有希望的新优势，例如降低了物理应力^16,17,18和/或施加了机械刺激^19,20。最近，由于引入了具有纳米纤维支架的大孔塑料基材^21,22，已经证明了心肌细胞的三维电生理标测。然而，通过电探针定量监测长时间表现出明显动态运动而又不影响其自然运动的细胞仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们介绍了具有纳米网格的超软电子设备，可监控水凝胶上人类诱导的多能干细胞衍生的心肌细胞的场电势，同时使它们能够动态移动而不会受到干扰。由于纳米网格的非凡柔软性，纳米网格连接的心肌细胞显示出的收缩和松弛运动与没有纳米网格连接的心肌细胞相当。我们的多层纳米网格设备可在液体环境中维持可靠的运行，