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Vulnerability Mapping of Coastal Aquifers to Seawater Intrusion: Review, Development and Application
Journal of Hydrology ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.021
Esmaeel Parizi , Seiyed Mossa Hosseini , Behzad Ataie-Ashtiani , Craig T. Simmons

Abstract In this study, a review of the overlay/index methods served for delineation of vulnerable zones in coastal aquifers affected by SWI is provided. Then, a more realistic presentation of the vulnerability mapping of coastal aquifers to SWI through modified GALDIT index method by incorporating the influential factors on SWI is established. The modifications on GALDIT method including incorporating the seaward hydraulic gradient (i) instead of the height of groundwater level above sea level (L) (so-called GAiDIT), and considering hydraulic gradient (i) as an additional parameter to the GALDIT (so-called GALDIT-i). Three GALDIT, GAiDIT, and GALDIT-i methods were evaluated with data from three coastal confined and phreatic/confined aquifers located in the south of the Caspian Sea, northern Iran. While no highly vulnerable zone was recognized by GALDIT method across three studied aquifers, averagely 43.4% and 50.5% of aquifers area were defined as highly vulnerable zones by GAiDIT and GALDIT-i, respectively. Furthermore, the final vulnerability maps obtained by GALDIT-i and then GAiDIT indicates higher correlation by three groundwater quality indices specific to SWI including f sea ( r = 0.72 and 0.63) and G Q I - ( r = 0.69 and 0.62) and also the distribution of TDS in groundwater ( r = 0.71 and 0.61) compared with GALDIT ( r = 0.33, 0.42, and 0.36, respectively). The values of vulnerability index obtained by GALDIT-i and GAiDIT are more strongly correlated with the length of SWI into the aquifer ( L x ) based on Strack's analytical approach than GALDIT ( r = 0.52, 0.36, and 0.32, respectively). The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the hydraulic gradient, height of groundwater level above sea level, aquifer type, and existing status of seawater intrusion has the greatest impact on the groundwater vulnerability across the studied aquifers by GALDIT-i and GAiDIT methods. Results also indicated that serving the influential parameters in GALDIT methods regarding the hydrological and anthropogenic characteristics across the aquifer provide a more realistic characterization of the SWI. This modification leads to an accurate aquifer vulnerability mapping to SWI in aquifers characterized by transient anthropogenic drivers (e.g. pumping) which can be served as a promising tool for decision-making to properly assess and manage risk.

中文翻译:

沿海含水层对海水入侵的脆弱性测绘:回顾、发展和应用

摘要 在这项研究中,回顾了用于划定受 SWI 影响的沿海含水层脆弱区的叠加/指数方法。然后,通过结合对 SWI 的影响因素,通过改进的 GALDIT 指数方法建立了沿海含水层对 SWI 脆弱性映射的更现实的表示。对 GALDIT 方法的修改包括引入向海水力梯度 (i) 代替海平面以上地下水位高度 (L)(所谓的 GAiDIT),并将水力梯度 (i) 作为 GALDIT 的附加参数(所以- 称为 GALDIT-i)。三种 GALDIT、GAiDIT 和 GALDIT-i 方法使用来自伊朗北部里海南部的三个沿海承压和潜水/承压含水层的数据进行评估。虽然 GALDIT 方法在三个研究的含水层中没有识别出高度脆弱的区域,但平均 43.4% 和 50.5% 的含水层区域被 GAiDIT 和 GALDIT-i 分别定义为高度脆弱区域。此外,通过 GALDIT-i 和 GAiDIT 获得的最终脆弱性图表明与 SWI 特定的三个地下水质量指数具有更高的相关性,包括 f 海(r = 0.72 和 0.63)和 GQI -(r = 0.69 和 0.62)以及分布与 GALDIT(分别为 r = 0.33、0.42 和 0.36)相比,地下水中的 TDS(r = 0.71 和 0.61)。基于 Strack 的分析方法,GALDIT-i 和 GAiDIT 获得的脆弱性指数值与 SWI 进入含水层的长度 (L x ) 的相关性比 GALDIT 更强(分别为 r = 0.52、0.36 和 0.32)。敏感性分析结果表明,GALDIT-i和GAiDIT方法对研究含水层地下水脆弱性的影响最大的是水力梯度、地下水位海拔高度、含水层类型和海水入侵现状。结果还表明,在 GALDIT 方法中提供有关整个含水层的水文和人为特征的影响参数提供了更现实的 SWI 表征。这种修改导致了一个准确的含水层脆弱性映射到以瞬时人为驱动因素(例如抽水)为特征的含水层中的 SWI,这可以作为正确评估和管理风险的决策的有前途的工具。通过 GALDIT-i 和 GAiDIT 方法,海水入侵的现状对研究含水层的地下水脆弱性影响最大。结果还表明,在 GALDIT 方法中提供有关整个含水层的水文和人为特征的影响参数提供了更现实的 SWI 表征。这种修改导致了一个准确的含水层脆弱性映射到以瞬时人为驱动因素(例如抽水)为特征的含水层中的 SWI,这可以作为正确评估和管理风险的决策的有前途的工具。通过 GALDIT-i 和 GAiDIT 方法,海水入侵的现状对研究含水层的地下水脆弱性影响最大。结果还表明,在 GALDIT 方法中提供有关整个含水层的水文和人为特征的影响参数提供了更现实的 SWI 表征。这种修改导致了一个准确的含水层脆弱性映射到以瞬时人为驱动因素(例如抽水)为特征的含水层中的 SWI,这可以作为正确评估和管理风险的决策的有前途的工具。结果还表明,在 GALDIT 方法中提供有关整个含水层的水文和人为特征的影响参数提供了更现实的 SWI 表征。这种修改导致了一个准确的含水层脆弱性映射到以瞬时人为驱动因素(例如抽水)为特征的含水层中的 SWI,这可以作为正确评估和管理风险的决策的有前途的工具。结果还表明,在 GALDIT 方法中提供有关整个含水层的水文和人为特征的影响参数提供了更现实的 SWI 表征。这种修改导致了一个准确的含水层脆弱性映射到以瞬时人为驱动因素(例如抽水)为特征的含水层中的 SWI,这可以作为正确评估和管理风险的决策的有前途的工具。
更新日期:2019-03-01
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