A minimally-disruptive portable electrochemical system is constructed by combining a hand-held syringe as reservoir with disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with a simple and efficient yeast/Co₃O₄/Au material for lead determination by a square-wave voltammetry (SWV) method. Not only can it preserve the operation and advantages of the conventional electrochemical procedure, but it also integrates sampling, filtering and analysis to make the determination of lead convenient and effective at higher and lower concentration levels. This is the first report of a microbial biosensor based on active yeast crosslinked to Co₃O₄/Au particles using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The determination process is simplified by introducing a fiber filter and takes only 150 s with the developed system, which illustrates its simplicity, speed and detection accuracy. Also, the design shows a wide log-linear dynamic range (LDR) from 10⁻⁸ to 10⁻¹⁴ g·L⁻¹, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.45 × 10⁻¹⁵ g·L⁻¹ (S/N = 3). Additionally, the proposed system was used to determine lead in blood samples, which demonstrated the potential of this biosensor for use in practical applications. Furthermore, this study provides a basis for the development of microscale blood devices for lead measurement.

最小破坏性的便携式电化学系统是通过将手持式注射器作为储液器与用简单高效的酵母/ Co ₃ O ₄ / Au材料修饰的一次性丝网印刷电极（SPE）组合而成的，以通过方波测定铅伏安法（SWV）。它不仅可以保留常规电化学程序的操作和优点，而且还集成了采样，过滤和分析功能，可以方便，有效地在较高和较低浓度水平下测定铅。这是基于活性酵母与Co ₃ O ₄交联的微生物传感器的首次报道。/ Au颗粒使用戊二醛作为交联剂。通过引入光纤过滤器简化了确定过程，并且使用开发的系统仅需150 s，这说明了其简单性，速度和检测精度。此外，该设计还显示了从10 ^-8到10 ^-14  g·L ^-1的对数线性动态范围（LDR），检测极限（LOD）为3.45×10 ^-15  g·L ^-1（S / N = 3）。此外，所建议的系统用于确定血液样本中的铅，这证明了该生物传感器在实际应用中的潜力。此外，该研究为开发用于铅测量的微型血液装置提供了基础。