Rapid adenosine signaling, on the time frame of seconds, has been discovered in the brain that can modulate neurotransmission or blood flow. Rapid adenosine release can occur spontaneously or be evoked after a mechanical stimulation, but these two modes of adenosine have not been compared. Here, we compared spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine release in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of anesthetized mice. For spontaneous adenosine, the number of adenosine events in the prefrontal cortex (40 ± 4 per hour) was significantly lower than in the striatum (54 ± 3) or hippocampus (56 ± 3). Similarly, the concentration per transient was lower in the prefrontal cortex but highest in the striatum. For mechanically-stimulated adenosine, the peak concentration in the prefrontal cortex (8 ± 2 μM) and striatum (8 ± 1 μM) were significantly lower than in the hippocampus (16 ± 2 μM). Comparing the two modes, the hippocampus had high mechanically-stimulated concentration and high spontaneous frequency, while the prefrontal cortex had lower spontaneous frequency and mechanically-stimulated release. However, there is no pattern with the striatum and thus no direct correlations between spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine. Thus, there may be different pools of adenosine or mechanisms of formation for these two modes. Because of the high frequency of spontaneous events and high concentration of mechanically-stimulated release in the hippocampus, there may be some areas that have stronger adenosine signaling and thus stronger neuromodulatory control by adenosine.

中文翻译：

---

小鼠自发和机械刺激的腺苷释放的比较。

在秒的时间范围内，已经在大脑中发现了可以调节神经传递或血流的快速腺苷信号传导。腺苷的快速释放可以自发发生或在机械刺激后诱发，但尚未比较这两种腺苷模式。在这里，我们比较了麻醉小鼠的前额叶皮层，纹状体和海马中自发和机械刺激的腺苷释放。对于自发性腺苷，前额叶皮层中的腺苷事件数（每小时40±4）显着低于纹状体（54±3）或海马体（56±3）。同样，每个瞬态的浓度在前额叶皮层中较低，但在纹状体中最高。对于机械刺激的腺苷，前额叶皮层（8±2μM）和纹状体（8±1μM）的峰值浓度显着低于海马体（16±2μM）。比较这两种模式，海马具有较高的机械刺激浓度和较高的自发频率，而前额叶皮层具有较低的自发频率和机械刺激的释放。然而，纹状体没有模式，因此自发的和机械刺激的腺苷之间没有直接的相关性。因此，对于这两种模式，可能存在不同的腺苷库或形成机理。由于海马体内高频率的自发事件和高浓度的机械刺激释放，可能有些区域的腺苷信号更强，因此腺苷对神经调节的控制更强。