Sperm DNA quality and gene expression are crucial for early embryo development. Abnormal genomic processes can cause irreversible damage to totipotent cells, thereby altering the capacity for cell differentiation. Cryopreservation is a complex procedure that exposes cells to extreme conditions; it is therefore important to determine whether cryopreservation affects genomic stability. Despite this, few studies have focused on the effects of cryopreservation on the genomic stability of fish sperm. Thus, information is lacking to determine how the cryopreservation of fish sperm affects embryo quality and subsequently aquaculture. The aim of this review was to compile background information pertaining to the study of genomic stability in cryopreserved sperm. In this way, we hope to characterize more clearly the embryonic development of fish that are of biological and economic interest. We also discuss the potential use of antioxidants in cryopreservation to help preserve DNA integrity, gene expression and embryo quality. There is a current need to evaluate the use of potential biomarkers of genomic integrity to establish the effects of cryopreservation on the DNA quality of fish gametes and embryos.

中文翻译：

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冷冻保存的鱼精中DNA质量的潜在生物标志物：对基因表达和胚胎发育的影响

精子的DNA质量和基因表达对于早期胚胎发育至关重要。基因组过程异常会导致全能细胞发生不可逆转的损伤，从而改变细胞分化的能力。冷冻保存是使细胞暴露于极端条件下的复杂过程。因此，确定冷冻保存是否影响基因组稳定性非常重要。尽管如此，很少有研究集中在冷冻保存对鱼精子基因组稳定性的影响上。因此，缺乏信息来确定鱼精子的冷冻保存如何影响胚胎质量以及随后的水产养殖。这篇综述的目的是收集与冷冻保存的精子的基因组稳定性研究有关的背景信息。通过这种方式，我们希望能更清楚地描述具有生物学和经济意义的鱼类的胚胎发育。我们还讨论了抗氧化剂在冷冻保存中的潜在用途，以帮助保存DNA完整性，基因表达和胚胎质量。当前需要评估潜在的基因组完整性生物标记物的使用，以建立冷冻保存对鱼配子和胚胎DNA质量的影响。