OBJECTIVE Trauma, particularly when experienced early in life, can alter neurophysiologic and behavioral development, thereby increasing risk for substance use disorders and related psychopathology. However, few studies have empirically examined trauma using well-characterized developmental samples that are followed longitudinally. METHOD The association of assaultive, non-assaultive, and sexual assaultive experiences before 10 years of age with developmental trajectories of brain function during response inhibition was examined by measuring electrophysiologic theta and delta oscillations during no-go and go conditions in an equal probability go/no-go task. Data were drawn from the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) prospective cohort, composed of offspring who were aged 12 through 22 years at enrollment from high-risk and comparison families, with follow-ups at 2-year intervals since 2004. In addition, other important predictors of neurophysiologic functioning (eg, substance use, impulsivity, and parental alcohol use disorders) were investigated. Moreover, associations of neurophysiologic functioning with alcohol and cannabis use disorder symptom counts and externalizing and internalizing psychopathology were examined. RESULTS Individuals exposed to sexual assaultive trauma before 10 years of age had slower rates of change in developmental trajectories of no-go frontal theta during response inhibition. Importantly, effects remained significant after accounting for exposure to other traumatic exposures, such as parental history of alcohol use disorder and participants' substance use, but not measures of impulsivity. Further, slower rates of change in no-go frontal theta adolescent and young adult development were associated with increased risk for alcohol use disorder symptoms and internalizing psychopathology, but not for cannabis use disorder symptoms or externalizing psychopathology. CONCLUSION Childhood sexual assault is associated with atypical frontal neurophysiologic development during response inhibition. This could reflect alterations in frontal lobe development, synaptic pruning, and/or cortical maturation involving neural circuits for inhibitory control. These same areas could be associated with increased risk for young adult alcohol use disorder symptoms and internalizing psychopathology. These findings support the hypothesis that changes in neurocognitive development related to early sexual trauma exposure could increase the risk for mental health and substance use problems in young adulthood.

中文翻译：

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青春期和年轻成年人的早期性创伤暴露和神经反应抑制：在进行/不进行任务期间额叶θ振荡的轨迹。

目的创伤，特别是在生命的早期经历时，可能会改变神经生理和行为发展，从而增加药物滥用障碍和相关心理病理学的风险。但是，很少有研究使用纵向跟踪的特征明确的发育样本从经验上检查创伤。方法通过以等概率进行去/去状态下的电生理θ和δ振荡测量，研究了10岁前的攻击性，非攻击性和性攻击经历与反应抑制过程中脑功能的发展轨迹之间的关系。不去的任务。数据来自酒精中毒遗传学（COGA）前瞻性队列研究，由入选高风险和比较家庭的12至22岁的后代组成，自2004年以来每两年进行一次随访。此外，其他重要的神经生理功能预测指标（例如，药物使用，冲动和家长饮酒障碍）进行了调查。此外，还检查了酒精和大麻使用障碍症状症状计数与外在和内在心理病理学之间的神经生理功能关联。结果在10岁之前遭受性攻击创伤的个体在反应抑制过程中，未通过额叶theta的发展轨迹的变化速率较慢。重要的是，在考虑了其他创伤性暴露因素（例如父母的饮酒障碍史和参与者的吸毒史）后，效果仍然很明显 物质使用，但不是冲动性度量。此外，青少年未通过额叶theta的变化速度较慢和年轻成人发育与酒精使用障碍症状和内在的精神病理学风险增加相关，但与大麻使用障碍症状或内在的心理病理学风险无关。结论儿童性侵犯与反应抑制过程中的非典型额叶神经生理发育有关。这可能反映了额叶发育，突触修剪和/或皮质成熟的变化，涉及抑制性控制的神经回路。这些相同的领域可能与年轻的成人酒精使用障碍症状和内在的精神病理学风险增加有关。