Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Over the past decade, molecular profiling has been incorporated into treatment for pediatric CNS tumors, allowing for a more personalized approach to therapy. Through the identification of tumor-specific changes, it is now possible to diagnose, assign a prognostic subgroup, and develop targeted chemotherapeutic treatment plans for many cancer types. The successful incorporation of informative liquid biopsies, where the liquid biome is interrogated for tumor-associated molecular clues, has the potential to greatly complement the precision-based approach to treatment, and ultimately, to improve clinical outcomes for children with CNS tumors. In this article, the current application of liquid biopsy in cancer therapy will be reviewed, as will its potential for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of pediatric CNS tumors.

中枢神经系统（CNS）肿瘤是儿童中最常见的实体瘤，并且是与癌症相关的死亡的主要原因。在过去的十年中，分子谱分析已被纳入小儿中枢神经系统肿瘤的治疗中，从而提供了一种更具个性化的治疗方法。通过鉴定肿瘤特异性变化，现在可以诊断，分配预后亚组，并针对多种癌症类型制定有针对性的化学治疗方案。成功纳入信息丰富的活检组织，可以从中查询到与肿瘤相关的分子线索的液体生物群落，可以极大地补充基于精度的治疗方法，并最终改善患有中枢神经系统肿瘤的儿童的临床疗效。在本文中，