Privately protected areas (PPAs) make important contributions towards global conservation goals. As with any protected area, PPAs must be monitored for effectiveness at protecting and managing biodiversity. However, the key drivers of maintaining and improving the effectiveness of PPAs are often social, particularly for conservation covenants and easements that are owned and managed by private landholders. In Australia, we surveyed 527 covenant landholders across three states (New South Wales, Tasmania, and Victoria), to provide a benchmark for monitoring and evaluation activities. We found that landholders are mainly motivated to participate in order to protect their land in perpetuity, but come to expect financial and technical assistance as a benefit of the program. While 71.1% (n = 344) reported achieving their land management goals, 44.7% (n = 242) of landholders struggle with covenant management because of age, and financial and time constraints. Covenant landholders are generally satisfied with the program (92%). A subset (8%) of landholders feels disaffected with their participation, relating to their perceived inability to personally manage the biodiversity on their land, and the lack of interaction they have with representatives of covenanting organizations. Where compliance monitoring and semi-annual technical assistance is limited, some landholders are concerned that the efficacy of the covenant is reduced. To increase effectiveness we suggest that PPA programs regularly monitor landholder satisfaction and management needs, schedule conservation actions based on landholder capacity, and utilize landholder networks to spread information and foster communities of stewardship. Additionally, given the older demographics of landholders, programs should engage in PPA successional planning.

中文翻译：

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监测和评估有助于私人保护区计划有效性的社会和心理层面

私人保护区 (PPA) 为实现全球保护目标做出了重要贡献。与任何保护区一样，必须监测 PPA 保护和管理生物多样性的有效性。然而，维持和提高 PPA 有效性的关键驱动因素通常是社会性的，特别是对于由私人土地所有者拥有和管理的保护契约和地役权。在澳大利亚，我们调查了三个州（新南威尔士州、塔斯马尼亚州和维多利亚州）的 527 名契约土地所有者，以提供监测和评估活动的基准。我们发现，土地所有者的主要动机是为了永久保护他们的土地而参与，但他们期望财政和技术援助作为该计划的好处。71.1% (n = 344) 报告实现了他们的土地管理目标，44。由于年龄、财务和时间限制，7% (n = 242) 的土地所有者在契约管理方面苦苦挣扎。契约土地所有者普遍对计划感到满意 (92%)。一部分土地所有者 (8%) 对他们的参与感到不满，因为他们认为无法亲自管理其土地上的生物多样性，以及他们与公约组织的代表缺乏互动。在合规监测和半年一次的技术援助有限的情况下，一些土地所有者担心契约的效力会降低。为了提高有效性，我们建议 PPA 计划定期监控土地所有者的满意度和管理需求，根据土地所有者的能力安排保护行动，并利用土地所有者网络传播信息并培养管理社区。此外，鉴于土地所有者的年龄较大，项目应参与 PPA 继任规划。