Organic electrochemical transistors are bioelectronic devices that exploit the coupled nature of ionic and electronic fluxes to achieve superior transducing abilities compared to conventional organic field effect transistors. In particular, the operation of organic electrochemical transistors relies on a channel material capable of conducting both ionic and electronic charge carriers to ensure bulk electrochemical doping. This review explores the various types of organic semiconductors that are employed as channel materials, with a particular focus on the past 5 years, during which the transducing abilities of organic electrochemical transistors have witnessed an almost tenfold increase. Specifically, the structure–property relationships of the various channel materials employed are investigated, highlighting how device performance can be related to functionality at the molecular level. Finally, an outlook on the field is provided, in particular toward the design guidelines of future materials and the challenges ahead in the field.

中文翻译：

---

用于生物电子应用的有机电化学晶体管中的材料：过去，现在和将来

有机电化学晶体管是生物电子器件，与传统的有机场效应晶体管相比，它们利用离子流和电子通量的耦合特性来实现卓越的传感能力。特别地，有机电化学晶体管的操作依赖于能够传导离子和电子电荷载流子以确保整体电化学掺杂的沟道材料。这篇综述探讨了用作通道材料的各种类型的有机半导体，特别着眼于过去的5年，在此期间，有机电化学晶体管的转换能力几乎增长了十倍。具体来说，研究了所使用的各种通道材料的结构-属性关系，重点介绍了设备性能如何与分子水平的功能相关联。最后，提供了该领域的前景，特别是对未来材料的设计准则和该领域未来的挑战的展望。