Here, we show that Lichinodium (Lichinaceae, Lichinomycetes, Ascomycota) constitutes a formerly unrecognized lineage within the Leotiomycetes, thus being the first lichenized lineage recognized in the superclass Sordariomyceta (Leotiomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes and Sordariomycetes). To infer the position of Lichinodium, we constructed two multilocus phylogenies based on six and five gene regions (nuLSU rDNA, nuSSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, RPB1, RPB2 and MCM7) including main Pezizomycotina groups in the first analysis and focusing secondly on a comprehensive selection of Sordariomyceta. The results show that Lichinodium is sister to Leotiaceae. We discuss the morphological and ecological similarities between Lichinodium and other Leotiomycetes, and describe the new order Lichinodiales and family Lichinodiaceae. The sister relationship between Sordariomycetes and Laboulbeniomycetes is here supported as it is the relationship between this clade and the Leotiomycetes. The results also support the polyphyly of Helotiales, the recognition of the Leotiales in a strict sense or the inclusion of the Triblidiales in Leotiomycetes. The photobionts of Lichinodium were sequenced for two genetic markers (rbcLX and 16S rDNA) and identified as Rhizonema, a recently described genus of filamentous cyanobacteria belonging to Nostocaceae. TEM studies revealed that the mycobiont-cyanobiont interface in Lichinodium does not produce haustoria, thus differing from a typical Lichinomycete (e.g. Ephebe).

中文翻译：

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苔藓菌属是一种新的在苔藓菌属中的苔藓化世系

在这里，我们显示了地衣线虫（地衣科，地衣菌科，子囊菌）构成了Leotiomycetes内以前无法识别的谱系，因此是超类兽角类兽科（Leotiomycetes，Laboulbeniomycetes和Sordariomycetes）中公认的第一个苔藓化谱系。为了推断地衣癣的位置，我们在六个分析和五个基因区域（nuLSU rDNA，nuSSU rDNA，mtSSU rDNA，RPB1，RPB2和MCM7）的基础上构建了两个多基因组系统，包括第一个分析中的主要Pezizomycotina组，其次着眼于全面的选择的Sordariomyceta。结果表明，地衣草是银耳科的姐妹。我们讨论了Lichinodium之间的形态和生态相似性和其他Leotiomycetes，并描述了新的巫婆科和巫婆科。此处支持了Sordariomycetes和Laboulbeniomycetes之间的姐妹关系，因为这是该进化枝和Leotiomycetes之间的关系。这些结果还支持了Helotiales的多重性，严格意义上对Leotiales的认可或在Leotiomycetes中包含了Triblidiales。对巫婆的光生生物进行了测序，确定了两个遗传标记（rbcLX和16S rDNA），并将其鉴定为Rhizonema，这是最近描述的属于Nostocaceae的丝状蓝细菌属。透射电镜研究表明，地衣藻中的真菌生物体-氰基苯并噻吩界面不产生吸水管，因此不同于典型的地衣菌科（例如：Ephebe）。