In the Internet of Things era, both self-powered nanodevices and nanogenerators (NGs) that harvest energy from mechanical vibrations are highly attractive, prompting a rapid surge in research on enhancing their performance. We demonstrate a versatile approach for diverse materials, by altering the microstructure with discontinuous nano-pores in one-dimensional nanostructures, which can be readily extended to higher-dimensional single crystal materials, such as epitaxial thin films. This novel approach is demonstrated for two applications, direct-current (DC) NGs and piezotronics, by taking ZnO as a model, where remarkably enhanced performance is demonstrated in theoretical simulations and confirmed by experiments. Here, we report that porous ZnO nanowire based DC-NGs demonstrated ∼23 times enhancement of output performance, and strain-gated transistors exhibited ∼6 times enhancement of force sensitivity. This can potentially augment energy harvesting and pressure sensing for many applications, such as self-powered nano-devices and touch panels.

中文翻译：

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普遍采用的方法是通过产生孔来大幅度提高压电半导体中的发电量†

在物联网时代，从机械振动中收集能量的自供电纳米设备和纳米发电机（NGs）都非常吸引人，从而推动了有关提高其性能的研究迅速发展。我们通过改变一维纳米结构中具有不连续纳米孔的微结构，展示了一种适用于各种材料的通用方法，该结构可以很容易地扩展到高维单晶材料，例如外延薄膜。通过以ZnO为模型，对两种应用（直流NG）和压电技术进行了演示，该新颖方法在理论仿真中得到了显着增强的性能，并得到了实验的证实。在这里，我们报道了基于多孔ZnO纳米线的DC-NGs表现出约23倍的输出性能增强，应变门控晶体管的力灵敏度提高了约6倍。对于许多应用，例如自供电的纳米设备和触摸屏，这可能会增加能量收集和压力感测。