Toxicity Assessments of Micro- and Nanoplastics Can Be Confounded by Preservatives in Commercial Formulations,Environmental Science & Technology Letters

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Toxicity Assessments of Micro- and Nanoplastics Can Be Confounded by Preservatives in Commercial Formulations
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-06 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00614
Oluwadamilola Pikuda ₁ , Elvis Genbo Xu ₁ , Dimitrios Berk ₁ , Nathalie Tufenkji ₁

Affiliation

Micro- and nanoplastics derived from environmental degradation of larger plastic debris can be ingested and accumulate in aquatic organisms, raising growing global ecological concerns. Toxicology studies of aquatic organisms predominantly use commercial formulations of micro- and nanosized polystyrene particles as model plastics. However, many of these commercially available formulations contain different preservatives, antimicrobials, or surfactants such as sodium azide, Tween 20, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, which may introduce artifacts in toxicity assessments. In this study, we carried out acute toxicity tests on Daphnia magna, using commercial 20 and 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) containing 2 mM sodium azide as an antimicrobial preservative. The acute toxicities of nondialyzed PS-NPs, dialyzed PS-NPs, and sodium azide alone were compared. The results reveal that the acute toxicity of the complete commercial formulation of PS-NPs was mainly associated with sodium azide and not the particles themselves. The dialyzed PS-NPs did not cause mortality but significantly disrupted the swimming behavior of D. magna. As commercial PS-NPs are commonly and increasingly used in plastic toxicity assessments, these results highlight the importance of considering the impacts of the suspension matrix.

中文翻译：

微量和纳米塑料的毒性评估可能与商业配方中的防腐剂混淆

来自较大塑料碎片的环境降解产生的微塑料和纳米塑料可被摄入并积累在水生生物中，这引起了全球日益关注的生态问题。水生生物的毒理学研究主要使用微米级和纳米级聚苯乙烯颗粒的商业配方作为模型塑料。但是，这些市售制剂中有许多含有不同的防腐剂，抗微生物剂或表面活性剂，例如叠氮化钠，吐温20和十二烷基硫酸钠，这可能会在毒性评估中引入假象。在这项研究中，我们对水蚤进行了急性毒性试验使用含有2 mM叠氮化钠的商业20和200 nm聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒（PS-NPs）作为抗菌防腐剂。比较了未透析的PS-NP，透析的PS-NP和单独的叠氮化钠的急性毒性。结果表明，完整的商业化PS-NPs制剂的急性毒性主要与叠氮化钠有关，而与颗粒本身无关。透析的PS-NPs没有引起死亡，但是显着破坏了D. magna的游泳行为。由于商业PS-NP在塑料毒性评估中越来越普遍，因此这些结果凸显了考虑悬浮基质影响的重要性。

更新日期：2018-12-07

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