The effective delivery of target-specific siRNA to the brain by exploiting the exosomes derived from dendritic cells renders the paradigm shift for the prospective use of nanosized exosomes as a delivery system. Although the in vivo targeting strategies by other nanovesicles like liposomes exist, still this novel exosome-based delivery approach holds an inclusive dominance of in vivo security and reduced immunogenicity. Achieving promising exosome-based delivery strategies warrants more desirable exploration of their biology. Over the years, the invention of novel production, characterization, targeting strategies, and cargo loading techniques of exosome improved its ability to reach clinics. Essentially, exosome-based delivery of therapeutics assures to conquer the major hurdles, like delivery of cargos across impermeable biological barriers, like the blood–brain barrier, biocompatibility, increased solubility, metabolic stability, improved circulation time, target specific delivery, and pharmacokinetics, and thereby enhanced the efficacy of loaded therapeutic agents. In this article, we cover the current status of exosome as a delivery vehicle for therapeutics and the challenges that need to be overcome, and we also discuss future perspectives of this exciting field of research to transform it from bench to clinical reality.

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外来体作为一种跨生物屏障的新型治疗药物穿梭机

通过利用树突状细胞衍生的外泌体有效地将靶标特异性siRNA输送至大脑，为预期将纳米外泌体用作输送系统带来了范式转变。尽管存在其他纳米脂质体（如脂质体）的体内靶向策略，但这种新颖的基于外来体的递送方法仍具有体内安全性和降低的免疫原性的包容性优势。实现有前途的基于外泌体的递送策略可确保对其生物学进行更理想的探索。多年来，外泌体的新颖生产，表征，靶向策略和货物装载技术的发明提高了其到达临床的能力。从本质上讲，以外泌体为基础的治疗方法可确保克服主要障碍，例如跨不可渗透的生物屏障输送货物，如血脑屏障，生物相容性，增加的溶解度，代谢稳定性，改善的循环时间，靶标特异性递送和药代动力学，从而提高了负载治疗剂的功效。在本文中，我们介绍了外泌体作为治疗剂的载体的现状以及需要克服的挑战，并且我们还将讨论这一激动人心的研究领域的未来前景，以将其从实验台转化为临床现实。