Fully transparent and water impact resistant superhydrophobic coatings are of great importance for a range of applications including photovoltaics, photonics, automotive windshields, and building windows. A widely utilized approach to fabricate such coatings involves solution-based deposition of hydrophobic nanoparticles. A central challenge is that these coatings do not simultaneously offer high levels of water repellency, perfect transparence, and water impact resistance. Here we demonstrate that end-grafted polymers present excellent interfaces for spray-coated hydrophobic nanoparticles and enable fabrication of water impact resistant and antireflective superhydrophobic coatings (SHPARCs). Depending on the backbone chemistry and thickness, end-grafted polymers uniquely interacted with the fluorinated nanoparticles, resulting in nanostructured films that provided reduction of reflective losses and protection from the impact of water droplets. Counterintuitively, substrates modified with end-grafted hydrophilic polymers exhibited high water impact resistance: the sliding angle of SHPARC on 12 nm thick end-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) layer was <2° after exposure to 100000 water droplets. SHPARC increased the transparency of the glass substrate by ∼5% through omnidirectional antireflectivity. We finally demonstrate application of SHPARC on a large area (156 × 156 mm²) silicon solar cell without significant (<0.23%) reduction of the power conversion efficiency, illustrating the promise of the presented approach in fabrication of self-cleaning photovoltaic modules.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子喷涂制备的耐水和抗反射超疏水表面：通过接枝聚合物的界面工程

对于包括光伏，光子学，汽车挡风玻璃和建筑窗户在内的一系列应用，完全透明和耐水冲击的超疏水涂料至关重要。制造这种涂层的广泛使用的方法涉及疏水纳米颗粒的基于溶液的沉积。一个主要的挑战是这些涂料不能同时提供高水平的拒水性，完美的透明性和耐水冲击性。在这里，我们证明了端接聚合物为喷涂疏水纳米粒子提供了出色的界面，并能够制造耐水冲击和抗反射的超疏水涂层（SHPARC）。根据骨架的化学性质和厚度，最终接枝的聚合物会与氟化纳米粒子发生独特的相互作用，产生的纳米结构薄膜可减少反射损耗并防止水滴撞击。违反直觉的是，用末端接枝的亲水性聚合物改性的基材表现出高的耐水冲击性：SHPARC在12 nm厚的末端接枝的聚乙二醇层上的滑动角在暴露于100000水滴后为<2°。SHPARC通过全向抗反射性将玻璃基板的透明度提高了约5％。我们最终证明了SHPARC在大面积（156×156 mm 暴露于100000水滴后，SHPARC在12 nm厚的末端接枝聚乙二醇层上的滑动角小于2°。SHPARC通过全向抗反射性将玻璃基板的透明度提高了约5％。我们最终证明了SHPARC在大面积（156×156 mm 暴露于100000水滴后，SHPARC在12 nm厚的末端接枝聚乙二醇层上的滑动角小于2°。SHPARC通过全向抗反射性将玻璃基板的透明度提高了约5％。我们最终证明了SHPARC在大面积（156×156 mm²）没有显着（＜0.23％）降低功率转换效率的硅太阳能电池，说明了在自清洁光伏模块的制造中所提出的方法的前景。