Clinical observations suggest early self-consciousness disturbances in schizophrenia. A double mirror combining the images of two individuals sitting on each side of the mirror was used to study self–other differentiation in 12 individuals with early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and 15 individuals with adult onset schizophrenia (AOS) compared to 27 typically developing controls (TDC) matched on age and sex. The effects of intermodal sensory perception (visual–tactile and visual–kinesthetic) on self–other recognition were also studied. The results showed that EOS and AOS individuals, independently of age and schizophrenia severity, were centered on their own image compared to TDC, with both significant earlier self-recognition and delayed other-recognition during the visual recognition task. In addition, there was no significant effect of intermodal sensory stimulation on self–other recognition in EOS and AOS patients, whereas self-centered functioning was significantly increased by visual–tactile stimulation and decreased by visual–kinesthetic stimulation in TDC. The findings suggest that self–other recognition impairments might be a possible endophenotypic trait of schizophrenia.

临床观察表明精神分裂症早期存在自我意识障碍。使用双镜子结合坐在镜子两侧的两个人的图像，研究了 12 名早发性精神分裂症 (EOS) 患者和 15 名成人型精神分裂症 (AOS) 患者的自我-他人分化，并与 27 名典型发育对照者进行比较。 (TDC) 匹配年龄和性别。还研究了多式联运感官知觉（视觉-触觉和视觉-动觉）对自我-他人识别的影响。结果表明，与 TDC 相比，EOS 和 AOS 个体，无论年龄和精神分裂症严重程度如何，都以自己的图像为中心，在视觉识别任务中，自我识别明显提前，他人识别延迟。此外，联合感觉刺激对 EOS 和 AOS 患者的自我-他人识别没有显着影响，而在 TDC 中，视觉-触觉刺激显着增强自我中心功能，视觉-动觉刺激显着降低自我中心功能。研究结果表明，自我-他人识别障碍可能是精神分裂症的一个可能的内表型特征。